The use of patient-derived xenografts and patient-derived organoids in the search for new therapeutic regimens for pancreatic carcinoma. A review.

Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and xenografts (PDXs) are powerful tools for personalized medicine in pancreatic cancer (PC) research. This study explores the complementary strengths of PDOs and PDXs in terms of practicality, genetic fidelity, cost, and labor considerations. Among other models like 2D cell cultures, spheroids, cancer-on-chip systems, cell line-derived xenografts (CDX), and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), PDOs and PDXs uniquely balance genetic fidelity and personalized medicine potential, offering distinct advantages over the simplicity of 2D cultures and the advanced, but often resource-intensive, GEMMs and cancer-on-chip systems.

Polymorphisms within autophagy-related genes as susceptibility biomarkers for pancreatic cancer: A meta-analysis of three large European cohorts and functional characterization.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers with patients having unresectable or metastatic disease at diagnosis, with poor prognosis and very short survival. Given that genetic variation within autophagy-related genes influences autophagic flux and susceptibility to solid cancers, we decided to investigate whether 55,583 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 234 autophagy-related genes could influence the risk of developing PDAC in three large independent cohorts of European ancestry including 12,754 PDAC cases and 324,926 controls. The meta-analysis of these populations identified, for the first time, the association of the BID variant with an increased risk of developing the disease (OR = 1.

A pleiotropy scan to discover new susceptibility loci for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Pleiotropic variants (i.e., genetic polymorphisms influencing more than one phenotype) are often associated with cancer risk.

Third-generation taxanes SB-T-121605 and SB-T-121606 are effective in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic cancer is a severe malignancy with increasing incidence and high mortality due to late diagnosis and low sensitivity to treatments. Search for the most appropriate drugs and therapeutic regimens is the most promising way to improve the treatment outcomes of the patients. This study aimed to compare (1) efficacy and (2) antitumor effects of conventional paclitaxel and the newly synthesized second (SB-T-1216) and third (SB-T-121605 and SB-T-121606) generation taxanes in wild type BxPC-3 and more aggressive G12V mutated Paca-44 pancreatic cancer cell line models.

Polymorphisms in transcription factor binding sites and enhancer regions and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma risk.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are a powerful tool for detecting variants associated with complex traits and can help risk stratification and prevention strategies against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the strict significance threshold commonly used makes it likely that many true risk loci are missed. Functional annotation of GWAS polymorphisms is a proven strategy to identify additional risk loci.

A scan of all coding region variants of the human genome, identifies 13q12.2-rs9579139 and 15q24.1-rs2277598 as novel risk loci for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Coding sequence variants comprise a small fraction of the germline genetic variability of the human genome. However, they often cause deleterious change in protein function and are therefore associated with pathogenic phenotypes. To identify novel pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) risk loci, we carried out a complete scan of all common missense and synonymous SNPs and analysed them in a case-control study comprising four different populations, for a total of 14 538 PDAC cases and 190 657 controls.

The PANcreatic Disease ReseArch (PANDoRA) consortium: Ten years' experience of association studies to understand the genetic architecture of pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer has an incidence that almost matches its mortality. Only a small number of risk factors and 33 susceptibility loci have been identified. so Moreover, the relative rarity of pancreatic cancer poses significant hurdles for research aimed at increasing our knowledge of the genetic mechanisms contributing to the disease.

Polymorphic variants involved in methylation regulation: a strategy to discover risk loci for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: Only a small number of risk factors for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has been established. Several studies identified a role of epigenetics and of deregulation of DNA methylation. DNA methylation is variable across a lifetime and in different tissues; nevertheless, its levels can be regulated by genetic variants like methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTLs), which can be used as a surrogate.

Genetic and non-genetic risk factors for early-onset pancreatic cancer.

Background: Early-onset pancreatic cancer (EOPC) represents 5-10% of all pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cases, and the etiology of this form is poorly understood. It is not clear if established PDAC risk factors have the same relevance for younger patients. This study aims to identify genetic and non-genetic risk factors specific to EOPC.

Introducing in vivo pancreatic cancer models for the study of new therapeutic regimens.

Introduction: Pancreatic cancer is a severe oncological disease with an ever-increasing incidence and a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Therapeutic options are limited and the five-year overall survival rate is 7–20%, depending on the possibility of surgical resection and the earliness of detection. Most patients with this diagnosis die due to the resistance of tumour cells and their microenvironment to the used treatment regimes.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: risk factors affecting survival of operated patients.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of surgical treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCHCA) in terms of overall survival and disease-free survival, and to analyse and find potential prognostic factors affecting overall survival and disease-free survival.

Methods: Retrospective evaluation was performed of consecutively enrolled patients operated for IHCHCA from January 2005 to January 2022 (17 years) had undergone surgery. During the monitored period, 38 surgical procedures were performed, of which liver resection was done in 25 cases (65.

Surgery of iatrogenic bile duct injuries.

Iatrogenic bile duct injury still represents a serious complication mostly connected with minimally invasive cholecystectomy. This complication has an important impact both on short- and long-term morbidity and is associated with non-negligible mortality. The objective of our study was to provide a comprehensive summary of information based on the most recent guidelines with recommendations for how to prevent a bile duct injury, how to reach an early diagnosis and finally, how to proceed should they occur in order to minimize further damage.

Identification of Recessively Inherited Genetic Variants Potentially Linked to Pancreatic Cancer Risk.

Although 21 pancreatic cancer susceptibility loci have been identified in individuals of European ancestry through genome-wide association studies (GWASs), much of the heritability of pancreatic cancer risk remains unidentified. A recessive genetic model could be a powerful tool for identifying additional risk variants. To discover recessively inherited pancreatic cancer risk loci, we performed a re-analysis of the largest pancreatic cancer GWAS, the Pancreatic Cancer Cohort Consortium (PanScan) and the Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium (PanC4), including 8,769 cases and 7,055 controls of European ancestry.

Association of Genetic Variants Affecting microRNAs and Pancreatic Cancer Risk.

Genetic factors play an important role in the susceptibility to pancreatic cancer (PC). However, established loci explain a small proportion of genetic heritability for PC; therefore, more progress is needed to find the missing ones. We aimed at identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affecting PC risk through effects on micro-RNA (miRNA) function.

Associations between pancreatic expression quantitative traits and risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the most lethal cancers. Its poor prognosis is predominantly due to the fact that most patients remain asymptomatic until the disease reaches an advanced stage, alongside the lack of early markers and screening strategies. A better understanding of PDAC risk factors is essential for the identification of groups at high risk in the population.

Gene expression of cytokinesis regulators and has no prognostic role in colorectal and pancreatic cancer.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers and pancreatic cancer is among the most fatal and difficult to treat. New prognostic biomarkers are urgently needed to improve the treatment of colorectal and pancreatic cancer. Protein regulating cytokinesis 1 (), kinesin family member 14 () and citron Rho-interacting serine/threonine kinase () serve important roles in cytokinesis, are strongly associated with cancer progression and have prognostic potential.

A new silver dressing, StopBac, used in the prevention of surgical site infections.

Ideal dressings of surgical wounds should provide moist, semi-permeable, and antiseptic environments for optimal wound healing. To maximise patient comfort, surgical dressings must be hypoallergenic, not restrict movement, and allow patients to manage their personal hygiene. From the aspect of health care personnel, dressings should enable visual monitoring of the wound without the need for removing them, thus reducing the number of dressing changes.

Serum transferrin as a biomarker of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha activity and hepatocyte function in liver diseases.

Background: Serum transferrin levels represent an independent predictor of mortality in patients with liver failure. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) is a master regulator of hepatocyte functions. The aim of this study was to explore whether serum transferrin reflects HNF4α activity.

Genome-wide scan of long noncoding RNA single nucleotide polymorphisms and pancreatic cancer susceptibility.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is projected to become the second cancer-related cause of death by 2030. Identifying novel risk factors, including genetic risk loci, could be instrumental in risk stratification and implementation of prevention strategies. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in regulation of key biological processes, and the possible role of their genetic variability has been unexplored so far.