Effectiveness of an Electronic Medical Record-Based Recognition Tool for the Identification of Incidental Pulmonary Nodules.

Background: Incidental pulmonary nodules (IPNs) are lung nodules detected on imaging studies performed for an unrelated reason. Approximately 1.6 million IPNs are detected in the United States every year.

Eyelid Reconstruction and Infraorbital Repair Using a Mustardé Flap Technique in a Dog.

This case report describes a 5-year-old dog with a defect in the right eyelid, absence of orbicularis musculature, and absence of cutaneous tissue in the infraorbital region, submitted to the Mustardé flap technique. A large rotational flap was performed, including a cartilage graft from the outer ear, to correct the defect in the lower eyelid and infraorbital region. Also, euryblepharon correction of the upper eyelid was performed with wedge excision.

In vivo assessment of subcutaneous fat in dogs by real-time ultrasonography and image analysis.

Background: Systems for estimating body condition score (BCS) are currently used in canine practice to monitor fatness levels. These tools are cheap and easy to use but lack the necessary precision to monitor small changes in body fat, particularly during weight control treatments or in research. The present work aims to study the application of real-time ultrasonography (RTU) together with image analysis in the assessment of subcutaneous fat depots in dogs.

Spontaneous Subdural Hematoma and Intracystic Hemorrhage in an Arachnoid Cyst.

We report the case of 22-year-old man with nontraumatic intracystic hemorrhage into a middle cranial fossa arachnoid cyst associated with a contiguous subacute subdural hematoma. Arachnoid cysts are benign intra-arachnoidal fluid collections frequently detected incidentally during neuroimaging. Rare complications of arachnoid cysts such as intracystic hemorrhage or subdural hematomas and subdural hygromas typically occur after head trauma.

Demyelination occurring during anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy for inflammatory arthritides.

Objective: To review the occurrence of neurologic events suggestive of demyelination during anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNFalpha) therapy for inflammatory arthritides.

Methods: The Adverse Events Reporting System of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was queried following a report of a patient with refractory rheumatoid arthritis who developed confusion and difficulty with walking after receiving etanercept for 4 months.

Results: Nineteen patients with similar neurologic events were identified from the FDA database, 17 following etanercept administration and 2 following infliximab administration for inflammatory arthritis.

Reversible tacrolimus-induced neurotoxicity isolated to the brain stem.

Diplopia, nystagmus, visual hallucinations, and internuclear ophthalmoplegia developed in a 30-year-old woman 84 days after she received a matched, unrelated bone marrow transplant for chronic myeloid leukemia. A regimen of tacrolimus had been administered since the transplantation was performed. MR imaging revealed bilaterally symmetric regions of signal abnormality with abnormal contrast enhancement in the brain stem.

Relation between CT scan findings and human sense of smell.

Symptom questionnaires were obtained from 106 patients immediately before nasal and sinus computed tomography scans at the Johns Hopkins Outpatient Center. Their scans were analyzed by two otolaryngologists and three neuroradiologists by using a semiobjective rating system of the size and opacity of 36 anatomic areas. Patients estimated their own left and right sense of smell as excellent, diminished, or absent.

Nasal and paranasal sinus imaging.

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery has become the surgical treatment of choice in many patients with inflammatory sinus disease refractory to medical treatment. Coronal CT scanning is the imaging modality of choice as it provides initial screening, contributes to surgical planning, and provides an operative "roadmap". The authors stress that close cooperation between the radiologist and the surgeon is mandatory both for evaluation and treatment of paranasal disorders.

MR angiography in acute cerebral ischemia of the anterior circulation: a preliminary report.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of major vessel occlusion in cases of acute cerebral ischemia of the anterior circulation by using MR angiography and to assess the frequency of spontaneous thrombolysis.

Methods: Thirty patients with an initial clinical diagnosis of possible acute stroke of the anterior circulation made within 24 hours of the event were studied with conventional T2-weighted MR imaging and with two-dimensional and three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography. Studies were repeated if the initial study showed partial or complete occlusion.

Bilateral simultaneous cavernous sinus sampling using corticotropin-releasing hormone in the evaluation of Cushing disease.

Purpose: To determine whether bilateral, simultaneous, cavernous sinus sampling after corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulation offers as accurate detection and lateralization of Cushing disease as inferior petrosal sinus sampling does.

Methods: Seventeen consecutive patients with hypercortisolism and with high-dose dexamethasone suppression test results suggesting Cushing disease underwent bilateral cavenous sinus sampling with CRH stimulation. The diagnosis of Cushing disease was established in all patients by histologic examination or, if no tumor was found at surgery, by subtotal resection of the gland or radiation therapy resulting in eventual hypocortisolism or normal adrenal function and clinical remission.

Primary craniosynostosis: imaging features.

In 1851, Virchow introduced the term craniosynostosis to describe a variety of abnormalities in calvarial growth. These skull deformities are usually apparent in infancy. When an abnormal calvarial configuration is detected, a radiologic evaluation is necessary to characterize the deformity and to guide the corrective surgical procedure.

Optimal CT evaluation for functional endoscopic sinus surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate the optimal parameters for the CT examination of patients who are having functional endoscopic sinus surgery.

Methods: CT scanning was performed on two fresh cadaveric heads in the direct coronal plane, varying the section thickness, intersection gap, scanner gantry angle, and amperage. The nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses were examined independently in a blinded fashion by four staff neuroradiologists and a staff otolaryngologist with special attention to 10 anatomic landmarks within the ostiomeatal unit that are considered important for preoperative planning.

Update on imaging for functional endoscopic sinus surgery.

This article details the imaging modalities available for patients being considered for functional endoscopic sinus surgery. The pertinent radiologic anatomy is reviewed with an emphasis on normal variations. Imaging appearances of inflammatory sinus disease as well as postoperative appearances, including complications, are presented.

Multiple focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver associated with hemihypertrophy and vascular malformations.

A case of multiple focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver occurring in a 22-year-old woman with musculoskeletal hemihypertrophy and anomalous vascular supply to the liver is described. The patient had Klippel-Trénaunay-Weber syndrome and abdominal pain and tender massive hepatomegaly. Visceral angiography showed marked dilatation of the celiac axis and both the main trunk and peripheral branches of the hepatic artery.

Odontogenic cysts: improved imaging with a dental CT software program.

Purpose: To evaluate a dental CT software program to determine whether it can provide a better means of assessing odontogenic cysts, lesions of the jaw derived from dental epithelium, than conventional techniques (orthopantomographic, intraoral, and mandibular films), which are of limited usefulness because of the curved configuration of the mandible; and to provide a brief review of these lesions.

Methods: Nine odontogenic cysts were studied with conventional radiographs and with the software program, which displays multiple cross-referenced axial, panoramic, and cross-sectional (unique to this program) views of the mandible. The two modalities were compared for delineation of anatomy (inferior alveolar canal, mandibular foramen, mental foramen), detection of neurovascular bundle displacement, detection of cortical bone involvement, and detection of root involvement.