Undersampling raster scans in spectromicroscopy for a reduced dose and faster measurements.

Combinations of spectroscopic analysis and microscopic techniques are used across many disciplines of scientific research, including material science, chemistry and biology. X-ray spectromicroscopy, in particular, is a powerful tool used for studying chemical state distributions at the micro and nano scales. With the beam fixed, a specimen is typically rastered through the probe with continuous motion and a range of multimodal data is collected at fixed time intervals.

A comparison of hemiarthroplasty versus dynamic hip screw fixation for intertrochanteric femoral fractures: a systematic review.

Introduction: Intertrochanteric fractures are predominantly treated by dynamic hip screw (DHS) fixation. However, recent evidence has found acceptable clinical results following hemiarthroplasty for these fractures. Thus, a systematic review was conducted to compare hemiarthroplasty with DHS fixation for intertrochanteric fractures.

Periprosthetic femoral fracture type and location are influenced by the presence of an ipsilateral knee arthroplasty implant: A case-control study of 84 interprosthetic femoral fractures.

Background: This multicentre case-control study compares Vancouver Classification System (VCS) grade and Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) fracture type in interprosthetic femoral fractures (IPFFs) between primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) and ipsilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to periprosthetic femoral fracture (PFF) without ipsilateral TKA.

Methods: Data were collected following institutional approval. Eighty-four IPFFs were assessed for VCS grade and AO/OTA type.

Reliability and validity of the Unified Classification System for postoperative periprosthetic femoral fractures around cemented polished taper-slip stems.

Aims: This aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Unified Classification System (UCS) for postoperative periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFFs) around cemented polished taper-slip (PTS) stems.

Methods: Radiographs of 71 patients with a PFF admitted consecutively at two centres between 25 February 2012 and 19 May 2020 were collated by an independent investigator. Six observers (three hip consultants and three trainees) were familiarized with the UCS.

Risk factors influencing fracture characteristics in postoperative periprosthetic femoral fractures around cemented stems in total hip arthroplasty : a multicentre observational cohort study on 584 fractures.

Aims: This study evaluates risk factors influencing fracture characteristics for postoperative periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFFs) around cemented stems in total hip arthroplasty.

Methods: Data were collected for PFF patients admitted to eight UK centres between 25 May 2006 and 1 March 2020. Radiographs were assessed for Unified Classification System (UCS) grade and AO/OTA type.

Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation of paper sludge to ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae RWB222--Part I: kinetic modeling and parameters.

A kinetic model was developed to predict batch simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) of paper sludge by the xylose-utilizing yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae RWB222 and the commercial cellulase preparation Spezyme CP. The model accounts for cellulose and xylan enzymatic hydrolysis and competitive uptake of glucose and xylose. Experimental results show that glucan and xylan enzymatic hydrolysis are highly correlated, and that the low concentrations of xylose encountered during SSCF do not have a significant inhibitory effect on enzymatic hydrolysis.