Effectiveness of ICS/LABA and LAMA/LABA in COPD due to biomass.

Background: COPD due to biomass exposure (COPD-B) is highly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries, and there are no clinical trials designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatments currently recommended for patients with COPD due to cigarette smoking (COPD-C). The purpose of the study was to compare the efficacy of fluticasone furoate/vilanterol (FF/V) 100/25 μg and umeclidinium/vilanterol (UMEC/VI) 62.5/25 μg on the rate of exacerbations, the time to first exacerbation, on dyspnoea, health-related quality of life (HRQL), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV) and inspiratory capacity (IC) during a period of 6 months in patients with COPD-B and COPD-C, at a third level referral centre in Mexico City.

Does the association between smoking and mortality differ due to frailty status? A secondary analysis from the Mexican Health and Aging Study.

Background: despite the well-known adverse health effects of smoking, evidence of these effects on frail individuals is still scarce.

Aims: to assess whether frailty influences the association between smoking and mortality.

Methods: individuals ≥50 years from the Mexican Health and Aging Study were analysed.

Clinical and microbiological characteristics and inflammatory profile during an exacerbation of COPD due to biomass exposure. A comparison with COPD due to tobacco exposure.

Background: Patients with biomass exposure-related COPD (BE-COPD) is a prevalent disease in developing countries and requires a detailed study of its clinical and inflammatory characteristics, specifying interventions that may differ from tobacco exposure-related COPD (TE-COPD). The objective was to describe clinical characteristics, biomarkers of inflammation, T-helper cells, and microbiological agents during a COPD exacerbation in BE-COPD in comparison with TE-COPD.

Methods: A prospective observational study in patients with moderate or severe exacerbation was recruited either in the emergency room or the COPD clinic.

Air quality in Mexico City during the COVID-19 lockdown possibly decreased COPD exacerbations.

https://bit.ly/3Iyv98t.

Women with COPD from biomass smoke have reduced serum levels of biomarkers of angiogenesis and cancer, with EGFR predominating, compared to women with COPD from smoking.

The main causes of COPD are smoking (COPD-TS) and exposure to biomass smoke (COPD-BS), considered as different phenotypes. The association of COPD-TS with lung cancer (LC) is well established, but not in COPD-BS. Thus, we studied the serum concentration of cytokines that participate in inflammation, angiogenesis, and tumor progression, used frequently as LC biomarkers, in women with COPD-BS compared with COPD-TS (n = 70).

Participation of the miR-22-HDAC4-DLCO Axis in Patients with COPD by Tobacco and Biomass.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation and systemic inflammation. The main causes of COPD include interaction between genetic and environmental factors associated with tobacco smoking (COPD-TS) and/or exposure to biomass smoke (COPD-BS). Several microRNAs (miRNAs) control posttranscriptional regulation of COPD-TS associated gene expression.

miR-34a in serum is involved in mild-to-moderate COPD in women exposed to biomass smoke.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation that is due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities. The main causes of COPD are Gene-environment interactions associated with tobacco smoking (COPD-TS) and biomass smoke (COPD-BS). It is well know that microRNAs (miRNAs) participate in the control of post-transcriptional regulation and are involved in COPD-TS; nevertheless, those miRNAS are participating in the COPD-BS are unidentified.

Women with COPD by biomass show different serum profile of adipokines, incretins, and peptide hormones than smokers.

Background: The main causes of COPD are tobacco smoking (COPD-TS) and biomass smoke exposure (COPD-BS). COPD-TS is known to induce changes in adipokines, incretins, and peptide hormones, frequent biomarkers of inflammation; however, it is unknown if similar changes occur in COPD-BS.

Methods: Clinical and physiological characteristics, and serum concentration of C-peptide, ghrelin, GIP, GLP-1, glucagon, insulin, leptin, PAI-1, resistin, and visfatin were measured in women with COPD-BS, COPD-TS, and healthy controls.

Use of varenicline for more than 12 months for smoking cessation in heavy chronic obstructive pulmonary disease smokers unmotivated to quit: a pilot study.

Introduction: Use of varenicline for as long as necessary to achieve abstinence has not been studied. The aim of this study was to test whether smokers with mild-to-moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are able to quit if they use varenicline for a sufficient length of time.

Methods: A total of 30 heavy smokers with COPD took varenicline for sufficiently long enough for smoking cessation.

Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in asymptomatic smokers.

Background: Physicians do not routinely recommend smokers to undergo spirometry unless they are symptomatic.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that there are a significant number of asymptomatic smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), we estimated the prevalence of COPD in a group of asymptomatic smokers.

Methods: Two thousand nine hundred and sixty-one smokers with a cumulative consumption history of at least 10 pack-years, either smokers with symptoms or smokers without symptoms (WOS) were invited to perform a spirometry and complete a symptom questionnaire.

Prevalence and diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among smokers at risk. A comparative study of case-finding vs. screening strategies.

Background: Early diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains the main intervention to prevent disease progression. However, conflicting results exist on the utility of two different diagnostic strategies that preclude freely recommending one strategy in favor of the other. Spirometry was used to determine the effectiveness of a symptom-based (case-finding) strategy vs.

[Proposal of Latin-American guidelines for smoking cessation].

Objective: Although prevalence of tobacco smoking is different in the Latin American regions, the consequences on health are similar.

Material And Methods: Therefore, guidelines on treatment are needed and ideally speaking must be useful in the different countries. In order to make quick recommendations useful in the region we made a search in PubMed from the last 5 years with the titles "Smoking cessation guidelines" and "Smoking cessation treatment meta-analysis" to know the content of different guidelines and with the titles of "Nicotine replacement therapy", "Nicotine chewing gum", "Nicotine patches", "Nicotine inhaler", "Bupropion therapy", "Varenicline therapy" and "Individual and group behavioural counselling for smoking cessation" to determine the efficacy of each intervention.

[Differences in inflammatory markers in a non-smoking and smoking Mexican population].

Introduction: Cigarette smoking is one of the main risk factors for the development of cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular disease, most of which exhibit an inflammatory component at some stage of their time-course. However, little is known about the early presence of proinflammatory markers in healthy smokers.

Material And Methods: We conducted a 16-month, cross-sectional study to determine the presence of inflammatory markers in a group of smokers pronounced in good health after an exhaustive medical exam.

Association among C-reactive protein, Fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular risk.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with several metabolic disturbances involving inflammation. Ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (uCRP), a marker of coronary heart disease and other chronic diseases, has not been investigated in NAFLD. We tested the relationship between uCRP and NAFLD in middle-aged asymptomatic subjects, independently of other metabolic disturbances associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk.

Smoking is not associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Aim: To analyze the relationship between smoking and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of a healthy population, carried out in a check-up unit of a university hospital in Mexico City. We enrolled 933 subjects, 368 current smokers (cases) and 565 persons who had never smoked (controls).