Standardized vs. Relative Intensity in CrossFit.

CrossFit is characterized by being a standardized training program that improves physical performance through the provision of several stimuli regardless of the participant's strength level. This study aimed to compare the acute response in total repetitions as a measurement of performance, jump ability, physiological demand (heart rate and blood lactate), and perceived effort considering the participants' strength level with individualized intensity in CrossFit. Thirty-five participants were assessed and asked to participate on two separate days in a standardized and relative 'As Many Repetitions As Possible' (AMRAP) CrossFit circuit.

Maternal education revisited: Vocabulary growth in English and Spanish from 16 to 30 months of age.

This paper reports on a cross-language longitudinal study in which we extend previous research on the effects of maternal education on vocabulary growth in Spanish- and English-dominant children at three time points: 16 months, 22 months, and 30 months of age. This study addresses recent conflicting evidence regarding the role of maternal education in children's acquisition of Spanish. Participants were 62 English-dominant children, 47 Spanish-dominant children, and their mothers.

[Occupational Asthma or Work-exacerbated asthma?].

Currently there is an increase in the prevalence of asthma and it seems that occupational exposure is one of the factors contributing to this increase. "Occupational asthma" refers to new onset asthma induced by exposure to a substance in the workplace, whereas "workaggravated asthma" refers to pre-existing asthma that is then exacerbated in the workplace. A correct diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and establishing a temporal relationship between symptoms and work.

Determination of hydraulic conductivity from grain-size distribution for different depositional environments.

Over 400 unlithified sediment samples were collected from four different depositional environments in global locations and the grain-size distribution, porosity, and hydraulic conductivity were measured using standard methods. The measured hydraulic conductivity values were then compared to values calculated using 20 different empirical equations (e.g.

Inhibition of dendritic cell apoptosis by Leishmania mexicana amastigotes.

Macrophages (Mφ) and dendritic cells are the major target cell populations of the obligate intracellular parasite Leishmania. Inhibition of host cell apoptosis is a strategy employed by multiple pathogens to ensure their survival in the infected cell. Leishmania promastigotes have been shown to protect Mφ, neutrophils, and dendritic cells from both natural and induced apoptosis.

[Pediatric care in the community].

A review of some aspects concerning the situation of primary care in Cuba--especially Pediatrics-- is presented, and the reasons for the development of a new primary care model by the Ministry of Public Health are briefed. This new moder has been defined as community medicine, and is based upon the work of four basic specialties: Pediatrics, Internal Medicine, Gynecology and Obstetrics, and Stomatology, having as essential element a comprehensive medical care through sectors, regions, follow-up, teams, and active community participation. The results of medical care in four Havana City teaching polyclinics are given, and conclusions are drawn.