Biodiversity impacts of the 2019-2020 Australian megafires.

With large wildfires becoming more frequent, we must rapidly learn how megafires impact biodiversity to prioritize mitigation and improve policy. A key challenge is to discover how interactions among fire-regime components, drought and land tenure shape wildfire impacts. The globally unprecedented 2019-2020 Australian megafires burnt more than 10 million hectares, prompting major investment in biodiversity monitoring.

Using a cognitive model to understand crowdsourced data from citizen scientists.

Threatened species monitoring can produce enormous quantities of acoustic and visual recordings which must be searched for animal detections. Data coding is extremely time-consuming for humans and even though machine algorithms are emerging as useful tools to tackle this task, they too require large amounts of known detections for training. Citizen scientists are often recruited via crowd-sourcing to assist.

Non-traumatic emergency department dental visits among patients 0-25 years of age: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Nontraumatic dental conditions (NTDC) that made children attending to emergency departments (EDs) of tertiary hospitals can put significant financial and time strain on hospitals.

Aim: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to calculate the prevalence of paediatric presentations to EDs of tertiary hospitals for NTDC and describe the characteristics of these presentations.

Design: A systematic search strategy using PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases was performed to identify studies quantifying NTDC presentations to EDs of tertiary hospitals from inception through to July 2022.

Prevalence and morphological features of molar-root incisor malformation in children attending a specialist paediatric dental unit.

Background: Molar-root incisor malformation (MRIM) is a rare dental anomaly featuring constricted cervical margins and tapered, narrow root and pulp morphology, often associated with severe toothache and infection.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MRIM in children seen in a specialist paediatric dental unit of a tertiary referral hospital and to describe the characteristics of affected individuals.

Design: This study was an audit of children attending from November 2020 to November 2021.

Qualitative Interviews to Assess the Content Validity and Usability of the Electronic Raynaud Diary in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis.

Objective: To better understand the symptoms and impacts of Raynaud phenomenon (RP) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and to evaluate the content validity and usability of a new electronic patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure for RP: the Raynaud Diary.

Methods: The Raynaud Diary was developed as a daily eDiary for assessing the number and duration of symptomatic Raynaud attacks; worst pain, numbness, tingling, and discomfort in the fingers; and overall disease severity, captured using the Raynaud's Condition Score. The Raynaud Diary was debriefed in two waves of qualitative interviews with adults with self-reported RP secondary to SSc.

Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva: A Case Report with Pseudo-Ankylosis of the Temporomandibular Joint.

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare condition characterized by progressive heterotopic ossifications and congenital hallux valgus deformities. The common underlying genetic cause is an mutation, resulting in altered bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) regulation. Trauma and/or minor procedures aggravate the abnormal bony formation in soft tissues.

Childhood Experiences and Perspectives of Individuals With Orofacial Clefts: A Qualitative Systematic Review.

Objective: Children and adolescents with orofacial clefts may experience ongoing psychosocial impacts due to the continuous nature of cleft treatments, facial and dental differences, and speech and hearing difficulties. The aim of this qualitative systematic review was to better understand the experiences of children and adolescents with orofacial clefts.

Design: A systematic search strategy using PubMed, Embase, Emcare, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was performed to identify relevant qualitative studies evaluating the lived experience of children and adolescents with orofacial clefts from inception through to June 2021.

Oral health assessment practices and perceptions of North American paediatric cardiologists.

Objective: Children with cardiac defects should have good oral health, particularly prior to cardiac surgery to minimize risks of infective endocarditis. The aim of the study was to examine the oral health assessment practices of North American cardiologists.

Methods: Online surveys were e-mailed to 1409 cardiologists.

Contemporary behavior management techniques in clinical pediatric dentistry: out with the old and in with the new?

Effective behavior management guides children through the complex social context of dentistry utilizing techniques based on a current understanding of the social, emotional, and cognitive development of children. Behavior management techniques facilitate effective communication and establish social and behavioral guidelines for the dental environment. Contemporary parenting styles, expectations, and attitudes of modern parents and society have influenced the use of behavior management techniques with a prevailing emphasis on communicative techniques and pharmacological management over aversive techniques.

DNA sequencing versus standard prenatal aneuploidy screening.

Background: In high-risk pregnant women, noninvasive prenatal testing with the use of massively parallel sequencing of maternal plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA testing) accurately detects fetal autosomal aneuploidy. Its performance in low-risk women is unclear.

Methods: At 21 centers in the United States, we collected blood samples from women with singleton pregnancies who were undergoing standard aneuploidy screening (serum biochemical assays with or without nuchal translucency measurement).

Distribution and severity of molar hypomineralisation: trial of a new severity index.

Background: Current molar hypomineralisation (MH) indices do not guide clinicians in management of affected dentitions, and treatment is based on individual judgment.

Aim: The aims of this study were to describe characteristics of MH and molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) and trial the new Molar Hypomineralisation Severity Index (MHSI).

Design: First permanent molars (FPMs) and permanent incisors (PIs) in 283 affected children were examined for hypomineralisation characteristics [defect colour, location, post-eruptive breakdown (PEB); restorations placed/replaced/atypical; sensitivity].