Patient Perception and Duration of Pain after Microdirect Laryngoscopy.

Objective: Postoperative pain is an important part of the patient's surgical experience. The objective was to evaluate patient perception and duration of pain after microdirect laryngoscopy (MDL).

Study Design: Case series with planned data collection.

The effect of routine preoperative interruption of dabigatran therapy on coagulation parameters and dabigatran plasma levels in a mixed surgical population.

Dabigatran is an oral anticoagulant used for atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism. While an effective antibody reversal agent is available, its cost precludes routine use and the mainstay of preoperative management is timely dabigatran interruption. Unlike warfarin, there are no universally accepted protocols for interruption of dabigatran in the preoperative period and there is uncertainty around the interpretation of standard coagulation tests in the presence of dabigatran.

Alignment of microbial fitness with engineered product formation: obligatory coupling between acetate production and photoautotrophic growth.

Background: Microbial bioengineering has the potential to become a key contributor to the future development of human society by providing sustainable, novel, and cost-effective production pipelines. However, the sustained productivity of genetically engineered strains is often a challenge, as spontaneous non-producing mutants tend to grow faster and take over the population. Novel strategies to prevent this issue of strain instability are urgently needed.