Endobronchial Valves for Management of Persistent Air Leaks in Patients With Chronic Lung Disease.

Background: Persistent air leak (PAL) is a challenging problem in patients with spontaneous pneumothorax and chronic lung disease who are poor surgical candidates. Conventional management consists of long-term thoracostomy tube placement; however, in some cases, patients are unable to leave the hospital because of the need for continuous negative pressure. We investigated the application of endobronchial valves (EBVs) in the management of patients with air leak for whom surgical intervention was contraindicated.

Cyclic Peptide MV6, an Aminoglycoside Efficacy Enhancer Against .

: is a globally emerging pathogen with widespread antimicrobial resistance driven by multiple mechanisms, such as altered expression of efflux pumps like AdeABC, placing it as a priority for research. Driven by the lack of new treatments, alternative approaches are being explored to combat its infections, among which efficacy-enhancing adjuvants can be found. This study presents and characterizes MV6, a synthetic cyclic peptide that boosts aminoglycoside efficacy.

Mid-infrared enhanced spectrochemical detection using azide vibrational probes.

Spectrochemical analysis of trace elements in complex matrices is crucial across various fields of science, industry, and technology. However, this analysis is often hindered by background interference and the challenge of detecting ultralow analyte concentrations. Surface Enhanced Infrared Absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy is emerging as a viable technique to address these challenges as it can successfully reveal soluble and unmodified analytes in a label-free manner through their interactions with a bioreceptor following site-specific labeling with small infrared-active probes.

An Open-Label Pilot Study to Examine the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Deutetrabenazine in Isolated Dystonia.

Background: Dystonia may respond to VMAT2 inhibition.

Objectives: Providing pilot data on the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of deutetrabenazine in non dopa-responsive dystonia.

Methods: Deutetrabenazine was titrated by adults with isolated dystonia.

A multirange paper-based analytical device for identifying low, moderate, and high P. aeruginosa bacterial loads in sputum samples.

In this article we introduce a multirange analytical device that extends the dynamic range of nanoparticle-based immunoassays thanks to a multisensor design. Multirange devices contain low- and high-range sensors in the same analytical platform. The low-range sensor defines the limit of detection and quantifies low concentrated analytes, whereas the high-range sensor defines the upper limit of the dynamic range.

Differential contribution of PBP occupancy and efflux on the effectiveness of β-lactams at their target site in clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae exhibits alarming antibiotic resistance trends and poses a significant challenge in therapeutic management. This study aimed to explore the association of penA alleles with penicillin-binding protein (PBP) occupancy patterns and reduced outer membrane permeability, impacting susceptibility to last-line cephalosporins and potential β-lactam candidates. The whole genome sequence, the MICs and PBP IC50s were determined for 12 β-lactams and β-lactamase inhibitors in 8 clinical isolates with varying β-lactam sensitivity, 2 ATCC, and 3 WHO cephalosporin-resistant reference strains.

Tunability in Heterobimetallic Complexes Featuring an Acyclic "Tiara" Polyether Motif.

Both cyclic "crown" and acyclic "tiara" polyethers have been recognized as useful for the binding of metal cations and enabling the assembly of multimetallic complexes. However, the properties of heterobimetallic complexes built upon acyclic polyethers have received less attention than they deserve. Here, the synthesis and characterization of a family of eight redox-active heterobimetallic complexes that pair a nickel center with secondary redox-inactive cations (K, Na, Li, Sr, Ca, Zn, La, and Lu) bound in acyclic polyether "tiara" moieties are reported.

potentiation of tetracyclines in by RW01, a new cyclic peptide.

The pipeline for new drugs against multidrug-resistant remains limited, highlighting the urgent need for innovative treatments. New strategies, such as membrane-targeting molecules acting as adjuvants, aim to enhance antibiotic effectiveness and combat resistance. RW01, a cyclic peptide with low antimicrobial activity, was selected as an adjuvant to enhance drug efficacy through membrane permeabilization.

Activation and Functionalization of the Uranyl Ion by Electrochemical Reduction.

Interconversion of the oxidation states of uranium enables separations and reactivity schemes involving this element and contributes to technologies for recycling of spent nuclear fuels. The redox behaviors of uranium species impact these processes, but use of electrochemical methods to drive reactions of molecular uranium complexes and to obtain molecular insights into the outcomes of electrode-driven reactions has received far less attention than it deserves. Here, we show that electro-reduction of the uranyl ion (UO) can be used to promote stepwise functionalization of the typically unreactive oxo groups with exogenous triphenylborane (BPh) serving as a moderate electrophile, avoiding the conventional requirement for a chemical reductant.

Repurposed Medicines: A Scan of the Non-commercial Clinical Research Landscape.

Medicine repurposing is a strategy to identify new uses for the existing medicines for the purpose of addressing areas of unmet medical need. This paper aims to provide horizon scanning intelligence on repurposed medicines that are evaluated by non-commercial organizations such as academia and highlights opportunities for further research to improve patient health outcomes. A scan of the clinical landscape of non-commercially sponsored repurposed medicines is routinely conducted by the NIHR Innovation Observatory (IO).

Automatic Segmentation of Sylvian Fissure in Brain Ultrasound Images of Pre-Term Infants Using Deep Learning Models.

Objective: Segmentation of brain sulci in pre-term infants is crucial for monitoring their development. While magnetic resonance imaging has been used for this purpose, cranial ultrasound (cUS) is the primary imaging technique used in clinical practice. Here, we present the first study aiming to automate brain sulci segmentation in pre-term infants using ultrasound images.

Considerations for building and using integrated single-cell atlases.

The rapid adoption of single-cell technologies has created an opportunity to build single-cell 'atlases' integrating diverse datasets across many laboratories. Such atlases can serve as a reference for analyzing and interpreting current and future data. However, it has become apparent that atlasing approaches differ, and the impact of these differences are often unclear.

Benefits of nostalgic landmarks for people living with Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Emerging literature shows that nostalgia induced by autobiographical reflection and music confers psychological benefits to people living with dementia.

Objective: Our objective was to test the potential benefits of nostalgic landmarks for people living with Alzheimer's disease.

Methods: We displayed the landmarks as wall-mounted pictures within a virtual environment.

A diazirine's central carbon is sp-hybridized, facilitating conjugation to dye molecules.

Diazirines are versatile carbene precursors that are extensively used in biological target identification experiments. However, their photo-activation wavelength ( 365 nm) precludes their use in living organisms. Here we show that a reconceptualization of the diazirine hybridization state leads to conjugation of the diazirine motif to longer-wavelength chromophores.

Idiopathic Anterior Scleritis in Pediatric Patients: A Report of Two Cases.

This study presents two cases of idiopathic anterior scleritis in young female patients, one of whom progressed to necrotizing scleritis. Both cases posed significant diagnostic challenges and ultimately required immunomodulatory therapy after their respective inadequate responses to the initial standard treatments. Despite comprehensive laboratory evaluations, no underlying systemic etiology was identified in either patient.

Genomic virulence markers are associated with severe outcomes in patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection.

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) bloodstream infection (BSI) is a common healthcare-associated complication linked to antimicrobial resistance and high mortality. Ongoing clinical trials are exploring novel anti-virulence agents, yet studies on how bacterial virulence affects PA infection outcomes is conflicting and data from real-world clinical populations is limited.

Methods: We studied a multicentre cohort of 773 adult patients with PA BSI consecutively collected during 7-years from sites in Europe and Australia.

Real-world data on the clinical features, therapy patterns, and outcomes of older adults with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in Latin America: A study from the Grupo de Estudio Latinoamericano de Linfoproliferativos (GELL).

Introduction: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of B-cell lymphoma, predominantly afflicting older adults. There remains a notable absence of data regarding DLBCL in older adults in Latin America.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 608 newly diagnosed Latin American patients with DLBCL aged ≥65 years.

Effects of active breaks on educational achievement in children with and without ADHD: study protocol and rationale of the Break4Brain project.

The Break4Brain project aims to elucidate the effects of both acute and chronic physical activity (PA) on educational achievement in children with and without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This study will be conducted in two phases: a cross-over design followed by a hybrid type 1 implementation-effectiveness trial, which includes both a cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) and a qualitative study. In phase I, 60 children aged 10-12, with 30 each from ADHD and non-ADHD groups, will participate in a laboratory-based study over 4 days within 1 month.

Developing a Carotid Pseudoaneurysm Model in Swine.

Background: Traumatic carotid artery pseudoaneurysms (PSAs) represent a vascular anomaly with potential for serious complications, including stroke. Traditional treatments involve endovascular stenting, which may not be ideally suited to otherwise healthy vessels that have the potential to remodel. Given the limitations of smaller animal models in replicating human vasculature and the need for improved treatment modalities, this study introduces a novel swine model for the creation and evaluation of carotid PSAs.

Single-cell integration reveals metaplasia in inflammatory gut diseases.

The gastrointestinal tract is a multi-organ system crucial for efficient nutrient uptake and barrier immunity. Advances in genomics and a surge in gastrointestinal diseases has fuelled efforts to catalogue cells constituting gastrointestinal tissues in health and disease. Here we present systematic integration of 25 single-cell RNA sequencing datasets spanning the entire healthy gastrointestinal tract in development and in adulthood.

An organotypic atlas of human vascular cells.

The human vascular system, comprising endothelial cells (ECs) and mural cells, covers a vast surface area in the body, providing a critical interface between blood and tissue environments. Functional differences exist across specific vascular beds, but their molecular determinants across tissues remain largely unknown. In this study, we integrated single-cell transcriptomics data from 19 human organs and tissues and defined 42 vascular cell states from approximately 67,000 cells (62 donors), including angiotypic transitional signatures along the arterial endothelial axis from large to small caliber vessels.

The biological effects of copper alloying in Zn-based biodegradable arterial implants.

Biodegradable metals based on zinc are being developed to serve as temporary arterial scaffolding. Although the inclusion of copper is becoming more prevalent for grain refinement in zinc alloys, the biological activity of the copper component has not been well investigated. Here, two ZnCu alloys (0.

Collateral susceptibility-guided alternation of ceftolozane/tazobactam with imipenem prevents resistance development in XDR biofilms.

Objectives: New combinations of β-lactams and β-lactamase inhibitors, such as ceftolozane/tazobactam could be useful to combat biofilm-driven chronic infections by extensively resistant (XDR) but resistance development by mutations in the Ω-loop of AmpC has been described. However, these mutations confer collateral susceptibility to carbapenems. Thus we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and the prevention of resistance development of regimen alternating ceftolozane/tazobactam and imipenem.

A Huge Conjunctival Atypical Fibroxanthoma.

We report the case of a Hispanic male whose conjunctival atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) grew very large, with intraocular as well as extraocular muscle extensions, and was treated with exenteration. A 50-year-old male presented with a one-month history of foreign-body sensation in his left eye. The initial examination revealed an erythematous, vascularized, pedunculated lesion arising from the left eye conjunctiva.