Enhancing the performance of polyfarnesene-based bio-rubbers with surface-modified cellulose nanocrystals and nanofibers.

As the rubber industry seeks sustainable alternatives to mitigate its environmental impact, this study introduces a biobased approach using polyfarnesene rubber reinforced with plasma-modified cellulose nanocrystals (MCNC) and nanofibers (MCNF). The nanocellulose was modified by plasma-induced polymerization using trans-β-farnesene and was characterized by FTIR, XPS, XRD, TGA, and SEM to confirm the grafting of farnesene-derived polymer chains onto the cellulose surface, demonstrating the successful modification and integration of the nanoparticles. Polyfarnesene bio-based rubbers were synthesized through two different polymerization techniques: solution-based coordination polymerization (PFA1) and emulsion-based free radical polymerization (PFA2).

Synthesis, characterization, biological activities, and computational studies of pyrazolyl-thiazole derivatives of thiophene.

This study reports the synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of a series of pyrazolyl-thiazole derivatives of thiophene. Seven compounds were synthesized and characterized using NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial activities of these derivatives were evaluated against various bacterial (, , , ) and fungal strains (, , , ), demonstrating significant inhibition zones and low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC).

The Biology, Impact, and Management of Beetles: A Comprehensive Review.

beetles, a diverse group of ambrosia beetles, present challenges to forestry and agriculture due to their damaging burrowing behavior and symbiotic relationships with fungi. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the biology, ecology, and management of . We explore the beetles' life cycle, reproductive strategies, habitat preferences, and feeding habits, emphasizing their ecological and economic impacts.

Chirality in Insecticide Design and Efficacy.

Chirality plays a crucial role in the design and efficacy of insecticides, significantly influencing their biological activity, selectivity, and environmental impact. Recent advancements in chiral insecticides have focused on enhancing their effectiveness, reducing toxicity to nontarget organisms, and improving environmental sustainability. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on chiral insecticides, including neonicotinoids, isoxazolines, and sulfiliminyls.

Investigation of Enantioselectivity Using TADDOL Derivatives as Chiral Ligands in Asymmetric Cyanation Reactions.

This study investigates the enantioselectivity challenges of asymmetric cyanation reactions using TADDOL derivatives as chiral ligands, specifically focusing on the cyanosilylation of aldehydes and the cyanation of imines. Despite extensive optimization efforts, the highest achieved ee was only modest, peaking at 71% for the cyanosilylation reaction, while the cyanation of imines consistently resulted in racemic mixtures. Our comprehensive analysis, supported by experimental data and computational modeling, reveals significant barriers to enhancing the enantioselectivity.

Antifungal capabilities of gut microbial communities of three dung beetle species (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae).

Gut microbial communities are part of the regulatory array of various processes within their hosts, ranging from nutrition to pathogen control. Recent evidence shows that dung beetle's gut microbial communities release substances with antifungal activity. Because of the enormous diversity of gut microorganisms in dung beetles, there is a possibility of discovering novel compounds with antifungal properties.

Exploration of novel cationic amino acid-enriched short peptides: design, SPPS, biological evaluation and study.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a critical challenge worldwide, necessitating the pursuit of novel approaches to counteract bacterial and fungal pathogens. In this context, we explored the potential of cationic amino acid-enriched short peptides, synthesized solid-phase methods, as innovative antimicrobial candidates. Our comprehensive evaluation assessed the antibacterial and antifungal efficacy of these peptides against a panel of significant pathogens, including , , , , , and .

Pure menstrual tension-type headache: demonstration of its existence.

Introduction And Objective: Menstrual migraine (MM) is widely recognized among the scientific community, with diagnostic criteria included in the appendix of the third edition of the International Headache Classification. However, this classification does not include other primary headaches that may occur during menstruation. Previous retrospective studies suggest the existence of menstrual tension-type headache.

Synthesis, insecticidal activity, and ensembled docking of nitroguanidines bearing S- and R-proline.

Background: The amino acids R- and S-proline were used to synthesize novel neonicotinoid derivatives that, after being characterized by H, DEPTQ 135, and HRMS-QTOF, were evaluated for use as insecticides against Galleria mellonella (caterpillar), Sitophilus zeamais, Xylosandrus morigerus, Xyleborus affinis, and Xyleborus ferrugineus.

Results: Comparisons of biological activity and absolute configuration showed that the R enantiomer had excellent and outstanding insecticidal activity against the insects tested, with up to 100% mortality after 12 h compared with dinotefuran at the same concentration.

Conclusions: The results suggest that compound R6 is an excellent lead enantiopure insecticide for future development in the field of crop protection.

Biomimetic Synthesis of PANI/Graphitic Oxidized Carbon Nitride for Supercapacitor Applications.

Polyaniline (PANI) composites have gained momentum as supercapacitive materials due to their high energy density and power density. However, some drawbacks in their performance remain, such as the low stability after hundreds of charge-discharge cycles and limitations in the synthesis scalability. Herein, we report for the first time PANI-Graphitic oxidized carbon nitride composites as potential supercapacitor material.

Transition Metal Complexes with Tridentate Schiff Bases (O N O and O N N) Derived from Salicylaldehyde: An Analysis of Their Potential Anticancer Activity.

Although it is known that the first case of cancer was recorded in ancient Egypt around 1600 BC, it was not until 1917 during the First World War and the development of mustard gas that chemotherapy against cancer became relevant; however, its properties were not recognised until 1946 to later be used in patients. In this sense, the use of metallopharmaceuticals in cancer therapy was extensively explored until the 1960s with the discovery of cisplatin and its anticancer activity. From that date to the present, the search for more effective, more selective metallodrugs with fewer side effects has been an area of continuous exploration.

Mannich bases of hydroxycoumarins: synthesis, DFT/QTAIM computational study and assessment of biological activity.

The synthesis of six Mannich bases derived from hydroxycoumarins was carried out in moderate yields, two of these derivatives were described for the first time. Conformational analysis was performed through DFT theoretical calculations explaining the formation of stable six membered rings based on intramolecular hydrogen bonds within the structure. These findings were correlated with the antiproliferative activity.

Controlled (Co)Polymerization of Methacrylates Using a Novel Symmetrical Trithiocarbonate RAFT Agent Bearing Diphenylmethyl Groups.

Herein, we report a novel type of symmetrical trithiocarbonate chain transfer agent (CTA) based diphenylmethyl as R groups. The utilization of this CTA in the Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) process reveals an efficient control in the polymerization of methacrylic monomers and the preparation of block copolymers. The latter are obtained by the (co)polymerization of styrene or butyl acrylate using a functionalized macro-CTA polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) previously synthesized.

Synthesis and Insecticidal Evaluation of Chiral Neonicotinoids Analogs: The Laurel Wilt Case.

sp beetles are types of ambrosia beetles invasive to the United States and recently also to Mexico. The beetle can carry a fungus responsible for the Laurel Wilt, a vascular lethal disease that can host over 300 tree species, including redbay and avocado. This problem has a great economic and environmental impact.

Neurosonological Findings Related to Non-Motor Features of Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.

Non-motor symptoms (NMS) in Parkinson's disease (PD), including neuropsychiatric or dysautonomic complaints, fatigue, or pain, are frequent and have a high impact on the patient's quality of life. They are often poorly recognized and inadequately treated. In the recent years, the growing awareness of NMS has favored the development of techniques that complement the clinician's diagnosis.

l-Proline as a Valuable Scaffold for the Synthesis of Novel Enantiopure Neonicotinoids Analogs.

In this research, six neonicotinoid analogs derived from l-proline were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated as insecticides against . Most of the target compounds showed good to excellent insecticidal activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report dealing with the use of enantiopure l-proline to get neonicotinoids.

Organocatalytic Cascade Reactions for the Diversification of Thiopyrano-Piperidone Fused Rings Utilizing Trienamine Activation.

An aminocatalytic privileged diversity-oriented synthesis (ApDOS) strategy utilizing trienamine catalysis for the construction of diverse and complex thiopyrans-piperidone fused rings through a thia-Diels-Alder/nucleophilic ring-closing sequence by using dithioamides as activated heterodienophiles is reported. Following this strategy, a super cascade reaction to assemble nine fused rings can be achieved by employing a bis-dithioamide. Additionally, by linking an indole moiety on the dithioamide, a Pictet-Spengler type reaction can be promoted once the cascade sequence has been achieved, leading to more complex penta- hexa- and heptacyclic fused ring derivatives in a one-pot process.

Bio-elastomers based on polyocimene synthesized coordination polymerization using neodymium-based catalytic systems.

Towards the development of eco-friendly alternatives of elastomeric materials, which can replace petroleum-based materials, it is crucial to explore different monomers and catalytic systems in order to find the best possible combinations for specific applications. Herein, we report the synthesis of polyocimene coordination polymerization using two different neodymium-based catalysts (NdV and Nd(Oi-Pr)), activated by alkylaluminums/organoboron compounds. By varying the type of co-catalyst species, halide donors, and reaction parameters, we have demonstrated the possibility to obtain polymers with a controlled microstructure and tunable properties, in terms of molecular weight characteristics and kinetics.

Enantioselective synthesis of tetrahydrocarbazoles via trienamine catalysis and their anxiolytic-like activity.

The first study about the anxiolytic activity of two chiral tetrahydrocarbazoles is presented. This new chiral compounds were prepared through an organocatalytic strategy via trienamine activation. The in situ ortho-quinodimethane species, formed by the condensation of the N-protected 2-methylindole acrylaldehyde with a sterically hindred diarylsilylprolinol ether derivative as catalyst, easily participate in a Diels-Alder reaction with the ethyl cyanophenyl acrylate as dienophile, in good yields and excellent stereoselectivity.

Formulation of anomerization and protonation in d-glucosamine, based on H NMR.

The major anomer of non-protonated neutral d-glucosamine GlcN is the β-form, while the α-anomer is dominant for protonated cationic glucosamine GlcNH. The present work confirmed correlation between the anomerization and the protonation by simultaneous determination of signal intensity and chemical shift in pD-variation H NMR, and formulated the equilibrium constants between subspecies α-GlcN, β-GlcN, α-GlcND, and β-GlcND to interpret the correlation. The individual anomerization constants, K = [βGlcN]/[αGlcN] and K = [βGlcND]/[αGlcND], are linked to each other through the relation K∙K = K∙K with the deuteration constants K and K of the anomers.

Hafnium(IV) Chloride Catalyzes Highly Efficient Acetalization of Carbonyl Compounds.

Background: Hafnium(IV) tetrachloride efficiently catalyzes the protection of a variety of aldehydes and ketones, including benzophenone, acetophenone, and cyclohexanone, to the corresponding dimethyl acetals and 1,3-dioxolanes, under microwave heating. Substrates possessing acid-labile protecting groups (TBDPS and Boc) chemoselectively generated the corresponding acetal/ketal in excellent yields.

Aims And Objectives: In this study.

Identification of candidate genes related to calanolide biosynthesis by transcriptome sequencing of Calophyllum brasiliense (Calophyllaceae).

Background: Calophyllum brasiliense is highlighted as an important resource of calanolides, which are dipyranocoumarins that inhibit the reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1 RT). Despite having great medicinal importance, enzymes involved in calanolide, biosynthesis and the pathway itself, are still largely unknown. Additionally, no genomic resources exist for this plant species.

[Reflex seizures, cinema and television].

In movies and television series are few references to seizures or reflex epilepsy even though in real life are an important subgroup of total epileptic syndromes. It has performed a search on the topic, identified 25 films in which they appear reflex seizures. Most seizures observed are tonic-clonic and visual stimuli are the most numerous, corresponding all with flashing lights.

De novo sequencing and analysis of Lophophora williamsii transcriptome, and searching for putative genes involved in mescaline biosynthesis.

Background: Lophophora williamsii (commonly named peyote) is a small, spineless cactus with psychoactive alkaloids, particularly mescaline. Peyote utilizes crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), an alternative form of photosynthesis that exists in succulents such as cacti and other desert plants. Therefore, its transcriptome can be considered an important resource for future research focused on understanding how these plants make more efficient use of water in marginal environments and also for research focused on better understanding of the overall mechanisms leading to production of plant natural products and secondary metabolites.

Utility of transcranial sonography in the diagnosis of drug-induced parkinsonism: a prospective study.

Background And Purpose: Drug-induced parkinsonism usually resolves after discontinuation of the causative agent. However, it persists in some patients, who actually have subclinical neurodegenerative parkinsonism. Identification of this condition is important because these patients could benefit from therapeutic measures.