Phase Delays between Mouse Globus Pallidus Neurons Entrained by Common Oscillatory Drive Arise from Their Intrinsic Properties, Not Their Coupling.

A hallmark of Parkinson's disease is the appearance of correlated oscillatory discharge throughout the cortico-basal ganglia (BG) circuits. In the primate globus pallidus (GP), where the discharge of GP neurons is normally uncorrelated, pairs of GP neurons exhibit oscillatory spike correlations with a broad distribution of pairwise phase delays in experimental parkinsonism. The transition to oscillatory correlations is thought to indicate the collapse of the normally segregated information channels traversing the BG.

Ultrafast Au(III)-Mediated Arylation of Cysteine.

Through mechanistic work and rational design, we have developed the fastest organometallic abiotic Cys bioconjugation. As a result, the developed organometallic Au(III) bioconjugation reagents enable selective labeling of Cys moieties down to picomolar concentrations and allow for the rapid construction of complex heterostructures from peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides. This work showcases how organometallic chemistry can be interfaced with biomolecules and lead to a range of reactivities that are largely unmatched by classical organic chemistry tools.

Structure-based design of nanobodies that inhibit seeding of Alzheimer's patient-extracted tau fibrils.

Despite much effort, antibody therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have shown limited efficacy. Challenges to the rational design of effective antibodies include the difficulty of achieving specific affinity to critical targets, poor expression, and antibody aggregation caused by buried charges and unstructured loops. To overcome these challenges, we grafted previously determined sequences of fibril-capping amyloid inhibitors onto a camel heavy chain antibody scaffold.

Thyroid hormone induces restrictive cardiomyopathy in β1-adrenoceptor knockout mice.

The purpose of this study was to characterize the role of β-AR signaling and its cross-talk between cardiac renin-angiotensin system and thyroid-hormone-induced cardiac hypertrophy. T was administered at 0.5 mg·kg·day for 10 days in β1-KO and WT groups, while control groups received vehicle alone.

Decidualized human decidual stromal cells inhibit chemotaxis of activated T cells: a potential mechanism of maternal-fetal immune tolerance.

Background: Numerous lines of evidence confirm that decidual stromal cells (DSCs) play a key role in maternal-fetal immune tolerance. Under the influence of progesterone and other hormones, the DSCs go through a process of differentiation (decidualization) during normal pregnancy. In mice, DSCs inhibit the expression of chemokines that attract abortigenic Th1 and Tc cells to the decidua.

Improving documentation of blood product administration using a standardized electronic health record-based system: a single-institution experience.

Objectives: To improve documentation of blood product administration by assessing the completion status of blood transfusions. In this way, we can ensure compliance with the Association for the Advancement of Blood & Biotherapies standards and facilitate investigation of potential blood transfusion reactions.

Methods: This before-and-after study includes the implementation of an electronic health record (EHR)-based, standardized protocol for documenting the completion of blood product administration.

Influence of the ectopic location on the antigen expression and functional characteristics of endometrioma stromal cells.

Research Question: Are the alterations observed in the endometriotic cells, such as progesterone resistance, already present in the eutopic endometrium or acquired in the ectopic location?

Design: The response to decidualization with progesterone and cyclic AMP for up to 28 days was compared in different endometrial stromal cell (EnSC) lines established from samples of endometriomas (eEnSC), eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis (eBEnSC), endometrial tissue from healthy women (BEnSC) and menstrual blood from healthy donors (mEnSC).

Results: Usual features of decidualized cells, such as changes in cell morphology and expression of prolactin, were similarly observed in the three types of eutopic EnSC studied, but not in the ectopic cells upon decidualization. Among the phenotypic markers analysed, CD105 was down-regulated under decidualization in all cell types (mEnSC, P = 0.

Correction: Torres et al. Twentieth-Century Paleoproteomics: Lessons from Venta Micena Fossils. 2022, , 1184.

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Progressive attenuation of visual global precedence across healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease.

In the perception of Navon hierarchical stimuli (e.g., large letters made up of small letters), young adults identify large letters faster than small ones (known as 'global advantage') and identify more slowly small letters when they form a different (or incongruent) large letter (known as 'unidirectional global interference').

Twentieth-Century Paleoproteomics: Lessons from Venta Micena Fossils.

Proteomics methods can identify amino acid sequences in fossil proteins, thus making it possible to determine the ascription or proximity of a fossil to other species. Before mass spectrometry was used to study fossil proteins, earlier studies used antibodies to recognize their sequences. Lowenstein and colleagues, at the University of San Francisco, pioneered the identification of fossil proteins with immunological methods.

Stromal cells of the endometrium and decidua: in search of a name and an identity†.

Human endometrial and decidual stromal cells are the same cells in different environments (nonpregnancy and pregnancy, respectively). Although some authors consider decidual stromal cells to arise solely from the differentiation of endometrial stromal cells, this is a debatable issue given that decidualization processes do not end with the formation of the decidua, as shown by the presence of stromal cells from both the endometrium and decidua in both undifferentiated (nondecidualized) and decidualized states. Furthermore, recent functional and transcriptomic results have shown that there are differences in the decidualization process of endometrial and decidual stromal cells, with the latter having a greater decidualization capacity than the former.

Local inhibition in a model of the indirect pathway globus pallidus network slows and deregularizes background firing, but sharpens and synchronizes responses to striatal input.

The external segment of globus pallidus (GPe) is a network of oscillatory neurons connected by inhibitory synapses. We studied the intrinsic dynamic and the response to a shared brief inhibitory stimulus in a model GPe network. Individual neurons were simulated using a phase resetting model based on measurements from mouse GPe neurons studied in slices.

Influence of a Socially Assistive Robot on Physical Activity, Social Play Behavior, and Toy-Use Behaviors of Children in a Free Play Environment: A Within-Subjects Study.

Play is critical for children's physical, cognitive, and social development. Technology-based toys like robots are especially of interest to children. This pilot study explores the affordances of the play area provided by developmentally appropriate toys and a mobile socially assistive robot (SAR).

Intrafamilial Characteristics Are Important Predictors of Children's Diets in New Mexico's Border .

Introduction: We assessed selected nutritional indicators in Mexican-origin children in two low-income, rural in New Mexico on the U.S.-Mexico border.

Both cute and threatening images drive narrowing of attention in men and women.

Appraisal theories of emotion sustain that stimuli containing high biological relevance preferentially capture our attention, regardless of their valence. In this work, we study the priming effect of both cute and threatening pictures on global/local visual processing. Seventy-eight males and 168 females in different menstrual cycle phases performed the global/local Navon letter task immediately after observing cute (infants and baby animals), threatening (animals in aggressive poses) or neutral pictures.

Decidualization modulates the mesenchymal stromal/stem cell and pericyte characteristics of human decidual stromal cells. Effects on antigen expression, chemotactic activity on monocytes and antitumoral activity.

Decidual stromal cells (DSCs) are the most abundant cellular component of human decidua and play a central role in maternal-fetal immune tolerance. Antigen phenotyping and functional studies recently confirmed the relationship of DSCs with mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and pericytes, the latter two cell types being closely related or identical. The present study investigated the effect of decidualization, a process of cell differentiation driven by progesterone (P4) and other pregnancy hormones, on the MSC/pericyte characteristics of DSCs.

Forest Before Trees: Letter Stimulus and Sex Modulate Global Precedence in Visual Perception.

The global precedence effect (GPE), originally referring to processing hierarchical visual stimuli composed of letters, is characterised by both global advantage and global interference. We present herein a study of how this effect is modulated by the variables letter and sex. The Navon task, using the letters "H" and "S," was administered to 78 males and 168 females (69 follicular women, 52 luteal women, and 47 hormonal contraceptive users).

A Neuromechanical Model of Multiple Network Rhythmic Pattern Generators for Forward Locomotion in .

Multiple mechanisms contribute to the generation, propagation, and coordination of the rhythmic patterns necessary for locomotion in . Current experiments have focused on two possibilities: pacemaker neurons and stretch-receptor feedback. Here, we focus on whether it is possible that a chain of multiple network rhythmic pattern generators in the ventral nerve cord also contribute to locomotion.

Estrogen- and Progesterone (P4)-Mediated Epigenetic Modifications of Endometrial Stromal Cells (EnSCs) and/or Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (MSCs) in the Etiopathogenesis of Endometriosis.

Endometriosis is a common chronic inflammatory condition in which endometrial tissue appears outside the uterine cavity. Because ectopic endometriosis cells express both estrogen and progesterone (P4) receptors, they grow and undergo cyclic proliferation and breakdown similar to the endometrium. This debilitating gynecological disease affects up to 15% of reproductive aged women.

Perinatal Derivatives: Where Do We Stand? A Roadmap of the Human Placenta and Consensus for Tissue and Cell Nomenclature.

Progress in the understanding of the biology of perinatal tissues has contributed to the breakthrough revelation of the therapeutic effects of perinatal derivatives (PnD), namely birth-associated tissues, cells, and secreted factors. The significant knowledge acquired in the past two decades, along with the increasing interest in perinatal derivatives, fuels an urgent need for the precise identification of PnD and the establishment of updated consensus criteria policies for their characterization. The aim of this review is not to go into detail on preclinical or clinical trials, but rather we address specific issues that are relevant for the definition/characterization of perinatal cells, starting from an understanding of the development of the human placenta, its structure, and the different cell populations that can be isolated from the different perinatal tissues.

Clinical Biofilm Ring Test Reveals the Potential Role of β-Lactams in the Induction of Biofilm Formation by in Cystic Fibrosis Patients.

Biofilms are characterized by high tolerance to antimicrobials. However, conventional antibiograms are performed on planktonic microorganisms. Through the clinical Biofilm Ring Test (cBRT), initially aimed to measure the adhesion propensity of bacteria, we discerned a variable distribution of biofilm-producer strains among samples isolated from expectorations of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients.

Menstrual blood-derived stromal cells modulate functional properties of mouse and human macrophages.

Menstrual blood-derived stromal cells (MenSCs) are emerging as a strong candidate for cell-based therapies due to their immunomodulatory properties. However, their direct impact on innate immune populations remains elusive. Since macrophages play a key role in the onset and development of inflammation, understanding MenSCs implication in the functional properties of these cells is required to refine their clinical effects during the treatment of inflammatory disorders.

Different and common brain signals of altered neurocognitive mechanisms for unfamiliar face processing in acquired and developmental prosopagnosia.

Neuropsychological studies have shown that prosopagnosic individuals perceive face structure in an atypical way. This might preclude the formation of appropriate face representations and, consequently, hamper effective recognition. The present ERP study, in combination with Bayesian source reconstruction, investigates how information related to both external (E) and internal (I) features was processed by E.