The impact of studying on the hippocampal volume in medical students and its correlation with the results of the Final Medical Examination: a single-centre, prospective observational cohort study.

Purpose: The hippocampus forms part of the limbic system and is involved in the learning process; it is responsible for transferring information from short-term to long-term memory. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of intensive studying on hippocampal volume and whether this correlates with exam results.

Material And Methods: The analysis included volunteer final-year medical students who underwent 2 volumetric 3D T1 magnetic resonance imaging scans with an interval of 20 weeks: 19 weeks before and one week after the Final Medi-cal Examination.

MRI-guided fiducial marker implantation as a method of tagging an ultrasound- and non-enhanced CT-invisible liver tumor before thermal ablation.

Some liver tumors are not visible on ultrasound or non-enhanced CT (NECT) which are main modalities used in image-guided ablations. This is a report of MR-guided implantation of fiducial marker to tag a neuroendocrine tumor metastasis in a patient with renal insufficiency precluding the use of contrast - enhanced CT during ablation. The marker was well visible on NECT which allowed for precise needle placement and complete ablation which was confirmed in 12-months follow-up.

An X-ray lead screen may be used to reduce an interventional radiologist's radiation exposure during CT-guided procedures.

Purpose: The exposure of both patient and operator to radiation is one of the limitations of computed tomography (CT)-guided interventions, and it should be kept as low as reasonably possible. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of a lead screen in reducing the radiation dose to an operator in the course of CT-guided interventions.

Material And Methods: This prospective study analysed data collected from 72 consecutive CT-guided procedures, all of which were performed with an X-ray protective lead screen placed between the scanner and the operator.

Validation of exophthalmos magnetic resonance imaging measurements in patients with Graves' orbitopathy, compared to ophthalmometry results.

Purpose: Although assessment of the orbital structures using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is well described in the literature, there is no consensus as to which measurement method is the most useful in exophthalmos assessment. The aim of the study was to correlate 2 MRI methods of exophthalmos measurement with exophthalmometry results and to determine a proper technique of exophthalmos measurement.

Material And Methods: Fifty-four patients (108 orbits) with exophthalmos in the course of Graves' orbitopathy were enrolled in the study.

Detailed insight into magnetic resonance assessment of Ménière's disease - description of methodology and imaging findings in a case series.

Purpose: The study aimed to describe the methodology and detailed interpretation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with Ménière's disease (MD).

Material And Methods: MRIs were performed on a 3T scanner. The three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (3D-FLAIR) sequence 4 hours after a double dose of intravenous contrast was added to the standard MRI protocol in patients with clinically diagnosed MD.

Should Thorax Thin-Section Computed Tomography Be a Standard Diagnostic Procedure in the Evaluation of Potential Kidney Transplant Recipients? Lessons Learned From the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Kidney transplant is the preferred treatment for most patients with end-stage renal disease. Because dialyzed patients often have significant comorbidities or multimorbidities, they should be carefully evaluated before being waitlisted for transplant. The COVID-19 pandemic presents a major challenge for surgery, including transplant surgery.

Association between Time to Local Tumor Control and Treatment Outcomes Following Repeated Loco-Regional Treatment Session in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective, Single-Center Study.

Background: Whether the number of loco-regional treatment sessions and the time required to obtain local tumor control (LTC) affects the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial. This study aimed to determine whether a longer time to LTC is a significant and independent predictor of poor treatment outcomes.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed data of 139 treatment-naive patients with HCC who were not eligible for a treatment other than transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) at baseline.

Inter-observer agreement using the LI-RADS version 2018 CT treatment response algorithm in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with conventional transarterial chemoembolization.

Aim: To determine inter-reader agreement in categorization of imaging features using the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) treatment response (LR-TR) algorithm in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with conventional transarterial chemoembolization (cTACE).

Methods: Two radiologists used the LR-TR algorithm to assess 112 computed tomography (CT) examinations of 102 patients treated with cTACE. The inter-observer agreement in categorization of LR-TR features was assessed using kappa (κ) statistics.

Implementation of Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) and Computed Tomography Perfusion (CTP) in Polish Guidelines for Determination of Cerebral Circulatory Arrest (CCA) during Brain Death/Death by Neurological Criteria (BD/DNC) Diagnosis Procedure.

Background: Brain death/death by neurologic criteria (BD/DNC) guidelines are routinely analyzed, compared and updated in the majority of countries and are later implemented as national criteria. At the same time, extensive works have been conducted in order to unify clinical procedures and to validate and implement new technologies into a panel of ancillary tests. Recently evaluated computed tomography angiography and computed tomography perfusion (CTA/CTP) seem to be superior to traditionally used digital subtraction angiography (DSA), transcranial Doppler (TCD) and cerebral perfusion scintigraphy for diagnosis of cerebral circulatory arrest (CCA).

Clinical utility of the updated European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium computed tomography criteria of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in hematological malignancies.

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a life-threatening complication in the cases of patients with hematologic malignancies. In December 2019, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium published a revision and an update of the consensus definitions of invasive fungal disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the signs and radiologic patterns of early-stage invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in computed tomography in patients with hematologic entities according to the latest criteria.

The Use of Glucocorticoids for Better Control of Diabetes Mellitus: The Paradox of Sclerosing Mesenteritis (The Rare Could Become Common).

BACKGROUND Sclerosing mesenteritis is a rare disease characterized by chronic inflammation of mesenteric adipose tissue. To our knowledge, this is the first case report that presents the effects of glucocorticoid therapy on metabolic control in diabetes mellitus, aggravated by sclerosing mesenteritis. We want to show the significance of this rare disease, which could be underestimated as a cause of decompensation of diabetes mellitus.

Correlation between magnetic resonance imaging classification of endolymphatic hydrops and clinical manifestations and audiovestibular test results in patients with definite Ménière's disease.

Objectives: The purpose was to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) classification of endolymphatic hydrops with clinical features, audiological and vestibular tests in patients with definite unilateral Ménière's disease (MD).

Methods: Thirty-eight patients were enrolled in this study. The severity of the main clinical symptoms, audiovestibular tests, and MRI, performed 4 hours after intravenous injection of gadobutrol to visualize inner ear compartments, were evaluated.

Performance of initial LI-RADS 2018 treatment response in predicting survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma following TACE: a retrospective, single-center cohort study.

Purpose: Treatment response following transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is frequently evaluated with Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System Treatment Response (LR-TR) algorithm, but its association with patients' outcomes is not supported in the literature. The purpose of this study was to provide such data.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 99 TACE patients with stage A/B hepatocellular carcinoma according to Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer staging system was performed.

Ultra-low radiation dose protocol for CT-guided intrathecal nusinersen injections for patients with spinal muscular atrophy and severe scoliosis.

Purpose: Intrathecal injection of nusinersen is an approved treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). CT-guided injection is a method of nusinersen administration in patients with severe scoliosis, in whom standard lumbar puncture is not feasible. The injections are repeated every 4 months for life, and accumulated radiation doses absorbed by the patient can increase the risk of cancer.

Age- and gender-dependent variability in the geometry of middle cerebral artery bifurcations.

The goal of this study was to analyze trends in the geometric parameters of blood vessels with age in a randomly selected group of 200 computed tomography angiography studies of radiologically healthy individuals using dedicated statistical techniques. A quantitative description of cerebral vascular geometry with numerical parameters (bifurcation angle, branching angle, co-planarity index, average curvature, and average torsion) was proposed. The changes and variability in geometry were analyzed according to age.

Percutaneous Bilateral Adrenal Radiofrequency Ablation in Severe Adrenocorticotropic Hormone-dependent Cushing Syndrome.

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to evaluate adrenal radiofrequency ablation (RFA) as a method of treatment in patients with severe adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent Cushing syndrome, among whom bilateral adrenalectomy is not a suitable option.

Material And Methods: Five patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome underwent RFA of both adrenal glands. Four of them presented with Cushing disease unsuccessfully treated with pituitary surgery and medical therapy, while one patient had ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome due to pancreatic endocrine tumor with liver metastases.

Usefulness of Different Imaging Modalities in Evaluation of Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are becoming some of the major health problems in well-developed countries, together with the increasing prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and all of their systemic complications. As the future prognoses are even more disturbing and point toward further increase in population affected with NAFLD/NASH, there is an urgent need for widely available and reliable diagnostic methods. Consensus on a non-invasive, accurate diagnostic modality for the use in ongoing clinical trials is also required, particularly considering a current lack of any registered drug for the treatment of NAFLD/NASH.

Systematic and Multidisciplinary Evaluation of Fibromuscular Dysplasia Patients Reveals High Prevalence of Previously Undetected Fibromuscular Dysplasia Lesions and Affects Clinical Decisions: The ARCADIA-POL Study.

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD), regarded as a generalized vascular disease, may affect all vascular beds and may result in arterial stenosis, occlusion, aneurysm, or dissection. It has been proposed to systematically evaluate all vascular beds in patients with FMD, regardless of initial FMD involvement. However, the impact of this approach on clinical decisions and on management is unknown.

Dissecting visceral fibromuscular dysplasia reveals a new vascular phenotype of the disease: a report from the ARCADIA-POL study.

Objective: Visceral artery fibromuscular dysplasia (VA FMD) manifestations range from asymptomatic to life-threatening. The aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of VA FMD.

Methods: A total of 232 FMD patients enrolled into ongoing ARCADIA-POL study were included in this analysis.

Role of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Parameters in the Characterization and Differentiation of Infiltrating and Non-Infiltrating Spinal Cord Tumors : Preliminary Study.

Background And Purpose: Recent attempts to utilize diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to identify the extent of microinfiltration of a tumor in the brain have been successful. It was therefore speculated that this technique could also be useful in the spinal cord. The aim of this study was to differentiate between infiltrating and noninfiltrating intramedullary spinal tumors using DTI-derived metrics.

Supporting diagnostics and therapy planning for percutaneous ablation of liver and abdominal tumors and pre-clinical evaluation.

Percutaneous ablation methods are used to treat primary and metastatic liver tumors. Image guided navigation support minimally invasive interventions of rigid anatomical structures. When working with the displacement and deformation of soft tissues during surgery, as in the abdomen, imaging navigation systems are in the preliminary implementation stage.

Impact of Body Composition on the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence After Liver Transplantation.

Background: Body composition parameters are reported to influence the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence after liver resection, yet data on patients undergoing liver transplantation are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the amount of abdominal adipose tissue and skeletal muscles on the risk of HCC recurrence after liver transplantation.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational study performed on 77 HCC patients after liver transplantation.

Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt in patients after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTx) due to life threatening gastrointestinal hemorrhage. A single-center experience based on three cases and literature review.

Background: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt system (TIPS) is a well-recognized method of treatment of symptomatic portal hypertension in patients awaiting liver transplantation. The effectiveness of TIPS treatment in patients after liver transplantation is still not fully established. Indications for both groups of patients, with and without liver graft, are similar and include bleeding from gastrointestinal varices, ascites, pleural effusion, and Budd-Chiari syndrome.

Computed tomography evaluation of patent paraumbilical vein and its aneurysm in relation to other portosystemic collateral channels in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between the diameter and aneurysmal dilatation of the paraumbilical vein (PUV) and the presence of portosystemic collateral shunts and their relationship with age and portal vein diameter.

Material And Methods: The retrospective analysis, performed in the II Department of Radiology, Medical University Hospital in Warsaw, included 126 patients (77 males and 49 females) with patent umbilical vein and signs of portal hypertension due to liver cirrhosis. All patients underwent contrast enhanced abdominal CT.