The impact of benign tissue within cancerous regions in the prostate: Characterizing sparse and dense prostate cancers on whole-mount histopathology and on multiparametric MRI.

Purpose: To establish the incidence, size, zonal location and Gleason Score(GS)/Gleason Grade Group(GG) of sparse versus dense prostate cancer (PCa) lesions and to identify the imaging characteristics of sparse versus dense cancers on multiparametric MRI (mpMRI).

Methods: Seventy-six men with untreated PCa were scanned prior to prostatectomy with endorectal-coil 3 T MRI including T2-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Cancerous regions were outlined and graded on the whole-mount, processed specimens, with tissue compositions estimated.

Identification of prostate cancer using multiparametric MR imaging characteristics of prostate tissues referenced to whole mount histopathology.

In this study, the objective was to characterize the MR signatures of the various benign prostate tissues and to differentiate them from cancer. Data was from seventy prostate cancer patients who underwent multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and subsequent prostatectomy. The scans included T2-weighted imaging (T2W), diffusion weighted imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE MRI), and MR spectroscopic imaging.

Identifying Areas for Operational Improvement and Growth in IR Workflow Using Workflow Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization Techniques.

Identifying areas for workflow improvement and growth is essential for an interventional radiology (IR) department to stay competitive. Deployment of traditional methods such as Lean and Six Sigma helped in reducing the waste in workflows at a strategic level. However, achieving efficient workflow needs both strategic and tactical approaches.

Characterization and stratification of prostate lesions based on comprehensive multiparametric MRI using detailed whole-mount histopathology as a reference standard.

The purpose of this study was to characterize prostate cancer (PCa) based on multiparametric MR (mpMR) measures derived from MRI, diffusion, spectroscopy, and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI, and to validate mpMRI in detecting PCa and predicting PCa aggressiveness by correlating mpMRI findings with whole-mount histopathology. Seventy-eight men with untreated PCa received 3 T mpMR scans prior to radical prostatectomy. Cancerous regions were outlined, graded, and cancer amount estimated on whole-mount histology.

Improved multiparametric MRI discrimination between low-risk prostate cancer and benign tissues in a small cohort of 5α-reductase inhibitor treated individuals as compared with an untreated cohort.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether 5α-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) affect the discrimination between low-grade prostate cancer and benign tissues on multiparametric MRI (mpMRI). Twenty men with biopsy-proven Gleason 3 + 3 prostate cancer and 3 T mpMRI were studied. Ten patients (Tx) had been receiving 5-ARIs for at least a year at scan time.

Practical aspects of prostate MRI: hardware and software considerations, protocols, and patient preparation.

The use of multiparametric MRI scans for the evaluation of men with prostate cancer has increased dramatically and is likely to continue expanding as new developments come to practice. However, it has not yet gained the same level of acceptance of other imaging tests. Partly, this is because of the use of suboptimal protocols, lack of standardization, and inadequate patient preparation.

Reduced-FOV excitation decreases susceptibility artifact in diffusion-weighted MRI with endorectal coil for prostate cancer detection.

The purposes of this study were to determine if image distortion is less in prostate MR apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps generated from a reduced-field-of-view (rFOV) diffusion-weighted-imaging (DWI) technique than from a conventional DWI sequence (CONV), and to determine if the rFOV ADC tumor contrast is as high as or better than that of the CONV sequence. Fifty patients underwent a 3T MRI exam. CONV and rFOV (utilizing a 2D, echo-planar, rectangularly-selective RF pulse) sequences were acquired using b=600, 0s/mm(2).

Semiautomatic registration of digital histopathology images to in vivo MR images in molded and unmolded prostates.

Purpose: To evaluate a semiautomatic software-based method of registering in vivo prostate MR images to digital histopathology images using two approaches: (i) in which the prostates were molded to simulate distortion due to the endorectal imaging coil before fixation, and (ii) in which the prostates were not molded.

Materials And Methods: T2-weighted MR images and digitized whole-mount histopathology images were acquired for 26 patients with biopsy-confirmed prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy. Ten excised prostates were molded before fixation.

Physiological complexity and system adaptability: evidence from postural control dynamics of older adults.

The degree of multiscale complexity in human behavioral regulation, such as that required for postural control, appears to decrease with advanced aging or disease. To help delineate causes and functional consequences of complexity loss, we examined the effects of visual and somatosensory impairment on the complexity of postural sway during quiet standing and its relationship to postural adaptation to cognitive dual tasking. Participants of the MOBILIZE Boston Study were classified into mutually exclusive groups: controls [intact vision and foot somatosensation, n = 299, 76 ± 5 (SD) yr old], visual impairment only (<20/40 vision, n = 81, 77 ± 4 yr old), somatosensory impairment only (inability to perceive 5.

Frailty and the degradation of complex balance dynamics during a dual-task protocol.

Background: Balance during quiet stance involves the complex interactions of multiple postural control systems, which may degrade with frailty. The complexity of center of pressure (COP) dynamics, as quantified using multiscale entropy (MSE), during quiet standing is lower in older adults, especially those with falls. We hypothesized that COP dynamics from frail elderly individuals demonstrate less complexity than those from nonfrail elderly controls; complexity decreases when performing a dual task; and postural complexity during quiet standing is independent of other conventional correlates of balance control, such as age and vision.

Subsensory vibrations to the feet reduce gait variability in elderly fallers.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of subsensory vibratory noise applied to the soles of the feet on gait variability in a population of elderly recurrent fallers compared to non-fallers and young controls. Eighteen elderly recurrent fallers and 18 elderly non-fallers were recruited from the MOBILIZE Boston Study (MBS), a population-based cohort study investigating novel risk factors for falls. Twelve young participants were included as controls.