Deoxynucleoside Therapy for Thymidine Kinase 2-Deficient Myopathy.

Objective: Thymidine kinase 2, encoded by the nuclear gene TK2, is required for mitochondrial DNA maintenance. Autosomal recessive TK2 mutations cause depletion and multiple deletions of mtDNA that manifest predominantly as a myopathy usually beginning in childhood and progressing relentlessly. We investigated the safety and efficacy of deoxynucleoside monophosphate and deoxynucleoside therapies.

Selective synthesis of either isoindole- or isoindoline-1-carboxylic acid esters by Pd(0)-catalyzed enolate arylation.

Two efficient palladium-catalyzed intramolecular α-arylation reactions of α-amino acid esters have been developed that allow either 1-isoindolecarboxylic acid esters or the corresponding isoindolines to be selectively synthesized simply by a slight change of reaction conditions.

Palladium-catalysed synthesis of 1-isoindolecarboxylic acid esters and sequential Diels-Alder reactions: access to bridged- and fused-ring heterocycles.

The Pd-catalysed intramolecular alpha-arylation of alpha-amino acid esters provides a useful methodology for the synthesis of substituted isoindole derivatives, which have been used in Diels-Alder reactions to access diverse skeletal frameworks.

Intramolecular Pd(0)-catalyzed reactions of beta-(2-iodoanilino) carboxamides: enolate arylation and nucleophilic substitution at the carboxamide group.

Two different reaction pathways, the enolate arylation and the acylation of the aryl halide, can be promoted by a Pd(0) catalyst starting from beta-(2-iodoanilino) carboxamides. The intramolecular acylation of beta-(2-iodoanilino) carboxamides reported here is the first example of a nucleophilic attack of a sigma-arylpalladium species at the carboxamide group, a framework that is usually inert toward organopalladium reagents.

[Seroepidemiology of Chagas disease in two rural populations in the municipality of Costa de Oro, at Aragua State, northern Venezuela].

Introduction: Chagas disease has been a public health problem in Latin America for many years. In Venezuela the disease is mainly distributed in the rural populations and endemic areas with an overall seroprevalence index of 8,3% for the year 2000.

Objective: The infection seroprevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi was determined in the human population younger than 16 years.

Synthesis of indole-3-carboxylic acid derivatives by Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular alpha-arylation of beta-(2-iodoanilino) esters.

beta-(2-Iodoanilino) esters undergo intramolecular alpha-arylation in the presence of Pd(PPh(3))(4) and potassium phenoxide. The reaction is a useful methodology for the preparation of indole-3-carboxylic acid ester derivatives.

[Impact of a non-compulsory antibiotic control program (PACTA): cost reductions and decreases in some nosocomial infections].

Background: Antibiotics account for 30% of hospital pharmacy expenses. More than 50% of the prescriptions are considered inappropriate; hence, programs devoted to optimizing the prescription of antibiotics should be developed. We present the results of a non-compulsory program for the assessment and control of antibiotic treatment in the University Hospital 12 de Octubre in Madrid.

Evaluation of an antibiotic intravenous to oral sequential therapy program.

Aim: This study was designed to analyse the drug consumption difference and economic impact of an antibiotic sequential therapy focused on quinolones.

Method: We studied the consumption of quinolones (ofloxacin/levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin) 6 months before and after the implementation of a sequential therapy program in hospitalised patients. It was calculated for each antibiotic, in its oral and intravenous forms, in defined daily dose (DDD/100 stays per day) and economical terms (drug acquisition cost).