The Role of TRP Channels in Sepsis and Colitis.

To date, several members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels which provide a wide array of roles have been found in the gastrointestinal tract (GI). The goal of earlier research was to comprehend the intricate signaling cascades that contribute to TRP channel activation as well as how these receptors' activity affects other systems. Moreover, there is a large volume of published studies describing the role of TRP channels in a number of pathological disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and sepsis.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Crosstalk between Histamine, Immunity, and Disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasingly recognized as a serious, worldwide public health concern. It is generally acknowledged that a variety of factors play a role in the pathogenesis of this group of chronic inflammatory diseases. The diversity of molecular actors involved in IBD does not allow us to fully assess the causal relationships existing in such interactions.

Hypoxia and Intestinal Inflammation: Common Molecular Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways.

The gastrointestinal tract (GI) has a unique oxygenation profile. It should be noted that the state of hypoxia can be characteristic of both normal and pathological conditions. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) play a key role in mediating the response to hypoxia, and they are tightly regulated by a group of enzymes called HIF prolyl hydroxylases (PHD).

Polymorphism of toll-like receptor genes and autoimmune endocrine diseases.

In recent years, there has been a significant amount of interest and vigorous studies on mutations related to innate immunity receptor genes such as Toll-like receptors (TLR), which is driven by the identification of many associations between these mutations and development of various disorders leading, in particular, to autoimmune diseases. It has been proven that the occurrence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA sequences encoding TLRs causes malfunction of some key signaling pathways, and, as a result, increases the risk of autoimmune diseases. The identification of these polymorphisms can lead to the understanding of the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, which subsequently will create effective methods for the prevention and treatment thereof.