NODDI, diffusion tensor microstructural abnormalities and atrophy of brain white matter and gray matter contribute to cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis.

Background: Pathologically specific MRI measures may elucidate in-vivo the heterogeneous processes contributing to cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Purpose: Using diffusion tensor and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), we explored the contribution of focal lesions and normal-appearing (NA) tissue microstructural abnormalities to cognitive impairment in MS.

Methods: One hundred and fifty-two MS patients underwent 3 T brain MRI and a neuropsychological evaluation.

Current perspectives on the diagnosis and management of fatigue in multiple sclerosis.

Introduction: Fatigue is a common and debilitating symptom among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with a prevalence up to 81% and with a considerable impact on quality of life. However, its subjective nature makes it difficult to define and quantify in clinical practice. Research aimed at a more precise definition and knowledge of this construct is thus continuously growing.

Resting state effective connectivity abnormalities of the Papez circuit and cognitive performance in multiple sclerosis.

The Papez circuit is central to memory and emotional processes. However, little is known about its involvement in multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to investigate abnormalities of resting state (RS) effective connectivity (EC) between regions of the Papez circuit in MS and their relationship with cognitive performances.

The role of cerebellar damage in explaining disability and cognition in multiple sclerosis phenotypes: a multiparametric MRI study.

Background: Cerebellar involvement is not comprehensively studied from an MRI point of view in multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to quantify cerebellar damage and identify predictors of physical disability and cognitive dysfunction in MS patients, and to characterize patients with cerebellar disability.

Methods: In this prospective study, 164 (89 relapsing-remitting and 75 progressive) MS patients and 53 healthy controls were enrolled.

Divergent time-varying connectivity of thalamic sub-regions characterizes clinical phenotypes and cognitive status in multiple sclerosis.

We aimed to investigate abnormal time-varying functional connectivity (FC) for thalamic sub-regions in multiple sclerosis (MS) and their clinical, cognitive and MRI correlates. Eighty-nine MS patients (49 relapsing-remitting [RR] MS; 40 progressive [P] MS) and 53 matched healthy controls underwent neurological, neuropsychological and resting state fMRI assessment. Time-varying connectivity (TVC) was quantified using sliding-window seed-voxel correlation analysis.

Association of Age at Onset With Gray Matter Volume and White Matter Microstructural Abnormalities in People With Multiple Sclerosis.

Background And Objectives: To investigate whether age at onset influences brain gray matter volume (GMV) and white matter (WM) microstructural abnormalities in adult patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), given its influence on clinical phenotype and disease course.

Methods: In this hypothesis-driven cross-sectional study, we enrolled 67 patients with pediatric-onset MS (POMS) and 143 sex- and disease duration (DD)-matched randomly selected patients with adult-onset MS (AOMS), together with 208 healthy controls. All participants underwent neurologic evaluation and 3T MRI acquisition.

Functional and structural MRI correlates of executive functions in multiple sclerosis.

Background: Executive dysfunctions, including difficulties in attention, working memory, planning, and inhibition affect 15%-28% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.

Objectives: To investigate structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities underlying executive function (EF) in MS patients.

Methods: A total 116 MS patients and 65 controls underwent resting-state (RS) and diffusion-weighted sequences and neuropsychological examination, including Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) to test EF.

Unraveling the substrates of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: A multiparametric structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Background: Cognitive impairment frequently affects multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. However, its neuroanatomical correlates still need to be fully explored. We investigated the contribution of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in explaining cognitive impairment in MS.

Effect of cognitive reserve on structural and functional MRI measures in healthy subjects: a multiparametric assessment.

Background: Cognitive reserve (CR) contributes to inter-individual variability of cognitive performance and to preserve cognitive functioning facing aging and brain damage. However, brain anatomical and functional substrates of CR still need to be fully explored in young healthy subjects (HS). By evaluating a relatively large cohort of young HS, we investigated the associations between CR and structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures in early adulthood.