Application of Molecular Methods for Carbapenemase Detection.

This study has evaluated the correlation between different carbapenemases detection methods on carbapenem non-susceptible strains from Northern and Eastern Europe; 31 institutions in 9 countries participated in the research project, namely Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, St. Petersburg, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, and Georgia. During the research program, a total of 5,001 clinical isolates were screened for any carbapenem non-susceptibility by the disk diffusion method, Vitek 2 or Phoenix system following the EUCAST guideline on detection of resistance mechanisms, version 1.

BACL is a novel brain-associated, non-NKC-encoded mammalian C-type lectin-like receptor of the CLEC2 family.

Natural Killer Gene Complex (NKC)-encoded C-type lectin-like receptors (CTLRs) are expressed on various immune cells including T cells, NK cells and myeloid cells and thereby contribute to the orchestration of cellular immune responses. Some NKC-encoded CTLRs are grouped into the C-type lectin family 2 (CLEC2 family) and interact with genetically linked CTLRs of the NKRP1 family. While many CLEC2 family members are expressed by hematopoietic cells (e.

Retroviral insertional mutagenesis can contribute to immortalization of mature T lymphocytes.

Several cases of T-cell leukemia caused by gammaretroviral insertional mutagenesis in children treated for x-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) by transplantation of autologous gene-modified stem cells were reported. In a comparative analysis, we recently showed that mature T cells, on the contrary, are highly resistant to transformation by gammaretroviral gene transfer. In the present study, we observed immortalization of a single T-cell clone in vitro after gammaretroviral transduction of the T-cell protooncogene LMO2.

Reiter's Disease in Children. Characteristic of Cellular Compartment of Immunity.

Reiter's disease in children was shown to be not such a rare disorder and to occur as the polysystemic process. The inflammation is induced by trigger agent (mostly by Chlamydia trachomatis), but then afterwards the key role has inadequate activation of cell-mediated and humoral immunity that may be manifested by substantial enhancement of leuko- and lymphopoiesis. There is an elevation of total number of leukocytes, T cells and lymphocytes, expressing CD4, CD8 and CD25 receptors with sharp increase of CD4/CD8 ratio.