Training and Nutrition for Performance: Males, Females, and Gender Differences.

As sports nutrition research evolves, a growing body of evidence highlights the importance of sex-based differences in responses to dietary interventions for athletic performance [...

Eating Behavior Disorders and Disordered Eating Habits in Spanish High-Performance Women's Olympic Wrestling Athletes.

Eating disorders (EDs) are a significant health issue in combat sports. This study investigated the differences between the different types of female wrestlers and the frequency at which EDs occur in the elite population, and it also sought to establish which factors are predictors of EDs. This study was comprised of 22 elite, female wrestlers who were selected based on the following inclusion criteria: having previously been the Spanish champion, being part of the Spanish national team, participating in at least one international championship, and having a history of ED.

The Effects of 24-h Fasting on Exercise Performance and Metabolic Parameters in a Pilot Study of Female CrossFit Athletes.

Many studies have tested intermittent fasting (IF) in athletes, but its effects on female CrossFit athletes remain relatively unexplored in the existing literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of 24-h IF on the physical performance of female CrossFit practitioners. Eleven female CrossFit athletes (age: 30.

Hydration, Hyperthermia, Glycogen, and Recovery: Crucial Factors in Exercise Performance-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Hyperthermia accelerates dehydration and can lead to a glycolysis malfunction. Therefore, to deeply understand the relationship between dehydration and hyperthermia during exercise, as well as in the recovery time, there might be important factors to improve athletic performance. A systematic review was carried out in different databases using the words "hydration" OR "dehydration" AND "glycogen" OR "glycogenesis" OR "glycogenolysis" AND "muscle" OR "muscle metabolism" OR "cardiovascular system" and adding them to the "topic section" in Web of Science, to "Title/Abstract" in PubMed and to "Abstract" in SPORTDiscus.

Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Interventions in Female Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Context: Athletes are almost 3 times more at risk of experiencing urinary incontinence (UI) than sedentary women, with prevalence rates varying from 10.9% in low-impact sports such as cycling to 80% when engaging in high-impact sports such as trampoline gymnastics. To treat UI, pelvic floor muscle (PFM) training (PFMT) is recommended as a first line of treatment.

Effect of Kegel Exercises on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Young Gymnasts: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Importance: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) have been shown to exist in young athletes. The use of pelvic floor muscle training as a preventive strategy at an early age may be useful to avoid possible pelvic floor dysfunction in the future.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to describe LUTS in underaged gymnasts.

Ergogenic Aids to Improve Physical Performance in Female Athletes: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

Most intervention studies investigating the effects of ergogenic aids (EAs) on sports performance have been carried out in the male population. Thus, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the effects in the existing literature of EAs used by female athletes on performance. A literature research was conducted, and a descriptive analysis of the articles included in the systematic review was carried out.

Effects of Polyphenol Consumption on Recovery in Team Sport Athletes of Both Sexes: A Systematic Review.

Previous studies have shown that polyphenol consumption enhances recovery of the muscle after exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). However, EIMD markers have not been studied by sport type. The main aim of this research was to perform a systematic review to determine the efficacy of polyphenolic consumption in increasing muscle recovery for performing team sport skills.

Effects of myofascial release or self-myofascial release and control position exercises on lower back pain in idiopathic scoliosis: A systematic review.

Background: Idiopathic scoliosis is associated, among others, to muscular imbalance, functional limitations, and the most prevalent, back pain. The treatments usually applied are exercise, bracing or surgery. The objective of corrective exercise is to reduce symptoms and improve functional capacity and quality of life.

Which Are the Most Determinant Psychological Factors in Olympic Shooting Performance? A Self-Perspective from Elite Shooters.

Psychological aspects like anxiety, injuries' effects, professional psychological support (PPS), psychological training (PT), or athlete-coach relationships could influence shooters' performance. This study tried to determine which aspects were critical from the shooters' perspective. Eight elite shooters were interviewed.

Effects of Power Training on Physical Activity, Sitting Time, Disability, and Quality of Life in Older Patients With Type 2 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Confinement.

Background: To evaluate the effectiveness of a multicomponent supervised and unsupervised training program focused on muscle power to counteract the potential changes in sedentary behavior, disability, physical activity (PA), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) caused by the COVID-19 pandemic domiciliary confinement in prefrail older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: Thirty-five older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus were assigned to 2 groups according to their frailty status: exercise training group (prefrail or frail; n = 21; 74.7 [4.

Multicomponent Home-Based Training Program for Chronic Kidney Disease Patients during Movement Restriction.

Both intradialytic and out-of-clinic exercise programs (EP) have been proven to be a safe and effective way to increase fitness levels in end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The actual COVID-19 pandemic situation has forced the suspension of EP offered in hemodialysis centers in many countries; as well as all activities considered as "non-essential" (i.e.

How important is current physical fitness for future quality of life? Results from an 8-year longitudinal study on older adults.

Introduction: A vast amount of research has focused on the effects of physical fitness (PF) on mortality, with little research evaluating the effects of PF on future expected health related quality of life (HRQoL).

Aim: To evaluate how current PF influences future HRQoL measured in a prospective 8-year study in older adults.

Methods: A total of 617 (157 males) older adults (>65y) participated in the study.

What Do Olympic Shooters Think about Physical Training Factors and Their Performance?

Background: Many aspects affect precision sports like shooting. Skills such as strength and balance are related to shooting performance and therefore, they should be trained. Thus, planned physical workouts can help to improve Olympic Shooting performance.

Rehydration during exercise prevents the increase of homocysteine concentrations.

This study aimed to assess the effect of rehydration during and after acute aerobic submaximal exercise on total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations and related parameters in physically active adult males. Twenty trained males (29.4 ± 7.

What do we know about homocysteine and exercise? A review from the literature.

High total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. Several investigations have focused on the effect of exercise on tHcy concentrations, but results remain controversial. The differences among the methodologies in the investigations make difficult the interpretation of results.