The low-temperature germinating spores of the thermophilic contribute to an extremely high sulfate reduction in burning coal seams.

Burning coal seams, characterized by massive carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, the presence of secondary sulfates, and high temperatures, represent suitable environments for thermophilic sulfate reduction. The diversity and activity of dissimilatory sulfate reducers in these environments remain unexplored. In this study, using metagenomic approaches, activity measurements with a radioactive tracer, and cultivation we have shown that members of the genus are responsible for the extremely high sulfate reduction rate (SRR) in burning lignite seams in the Altai Mountains.

Prokaryotic Life Associated with Coal-Fire Gas Vents Revealed by Metagenomics.

The natural combustion of underground coal seams leads to the formation of gas, which contains molecular hydrogen and carbon monoxide. In places where hot coal gases are released to the surface, specific thermal ecosystems are formed. Here, 16S rRNA gene profiling and shotgun metagenome sequencing were employed to characterize the taxonomic diversity and genetic potential of prokaryotic communities of the near-surface ground layer near hot gas vents in an open quarry heated by a subsurface coal fire.

Antibiotic-Resistant Produces HS from Supplements for Animal Farming.

Sulphate-reducing bacteria, primarily , are responsible for the active generation of HS in swine production waste. The model species for sulphate reduction studies, strain L2, was previously isolated from swine manure characterized by high rates of dissimilatory sulphate reduction. The source of electron acceptors in low-sulphate swine waste for the high rate of HS formation remains uncertain.

Carbon Emission and Biodiversity of Arctic Soil Microbial Communities of the Novaya Zemlya and Franz Josef Land Archipelagos.

Cryogenic soils are the most important terrestrial carbon reservoir on the planet. However, the relationship between soil microbial diversity and CO emission by cryogenic soils is poorly studied. This is especially important in the context of rising temperatures in the high Arctic which can lead to the activation of microbial processes in soils and an increase in carbon input from cryogenic soils into the atmosphere.

Active Sulfate-Reducing Bacterial Community in the Camel Gut.

The diversity and activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the camel gut remains largely unexplored. An abundant SRB community has been previously revealed in the feces of Bactrian camels (). This study aims to combine the 16S rRNA gene profiling, sulfate reduction rate (SRR) measurement with a radioactive tracer, and targeted cultivation to shed light on SRB activity in the camel gut.

Coexistence of Psychrophilic, Mesophilic, and Thermophilic Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in a Deep Subsurface Aquifer Associated with Coal-Bed Methane Production.

The microbial community of subsurface environments remains understudied due to limited access to deep strata and aquifers. Coal-bed methane (CBM) production is associated with a large number of wells pumping water out of coal seams. CBM wells provide access to deep biotopes associated with coal-bed water.

Distribution Patterns of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Their Bacterial Hosts in a Manure Lagoon of a Large-Scale Swine Finishing Facility.

The spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that are present in livestock manures, which are discharged into the environment, is a severe threat to human and animal health. Here, we used 16S rRNA gene profiling and metagenomic analysis to characterize microbial community composition and antibiotic resistance in a manure storage lagoon from a large-scale swine finishing facility. Manure samples were collected at intervals of two years.

Microbial Communities of Artisanal Fermented Milk Products from Russia.

Fermented milk products (FMPs) have numerous health properties, making them an important part of our nutrient budget. Based on traditions, history and geography, there are different preferences and recipes for FMP preparation in distinct regions of the world and Russia in particular. A number of dairy products, both widely occurring and region-specific, were sampled in the households and local markets of the Caucasus republics, Buryatia, Altai, and the Far East and European regions of Russia.

AY5 Isolated from a Patient with Autism Spectrum Disorder Binds Iron in Low-Soluble Greigite and Pyrite.

The sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) of genus are a group of prokaryotes associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The connection between the elevated numbers of in the gut of children with ASD compared with healthy children remains unresolved. A conceivable consequence of SRB overgrowth in the gut is the conversion of bioavailable iron into low-soluble crystalline iron sulphides, causing iron deficiency in the organism.

Comparative Genome Analysis of the Genus Involving Three Novel Species, sp. nov. Ku-5, sp. nov. AS and " Thiothrix anitrata" sp. nov. A52, Revealed the Conservation of the Pathways of Dissimilatory Sulfur Metabolism and Variations in the Genetic Inventory for Nitrogen Metabolism and Autotrophic Carbon Fixation.

Two strains of filamentous, colorless sulfur bacteria were isolated from bacterial fouling in the outflow of hydrogen sulfide-containing waters from a coal mine ( sp. Ku-5) and on the seashore of the White Sea ( sp. AS).

sp. nov., an acidophilic, metal-resistant sulfate-reducing bacterium from acid mine drainage.

A novel, spore-forming, acidophilic and metal-resistant sulfate-reducing bacterium, strain OL, was isolated from a microbial mat in a tailing dam at a gold ore mining site. Cells were slightly curved immotile rods, 0.5 µm in diameter and 2.

Microbial sulfate reduction by Desulfovibrio is an important source of hydrogen sulfide from a large swine finishing facility.

There is still a lack of understanding of HS formation in agricultural waste, which leads to poor odour prevention and control. Microbial sulfate reduction is a major process contributing to sulfide formation in natural and technogenic environments with high sulfate and low oxygen concentration. Agricultural waste can be considered a low-sulfate system with no obvious input of oxidised sulfur compounds.

Thermophilic Chloroflexi Dominate in the Microbial Community Associated with Coal-Fire Gas Vents in the Kuznetsk Coal Basin, Russia.

Thermal ecosystems associated with areas of underground burning coal seams are rare and poorly understood in comparison with geothermal objects. We studied the microbial communities associated with gas vents from the coal-fire in the mining wastes in the Kemerovo region of the Russian Federation. The temperature of the ground heated by the hot coal gases and steam coming out to the surface was 58 °C.

Microbial Life in the Deep Subsurface Aquifer Illuminated by Metagenomics.

To get insights into microbial diversity and biogeochemical processes in the terrestrial deep subsurface aquifer, we sequenced the metagenome of artesian water collected at a 2.8 km deep oil exploration borehole 5P in Western Siberia, Russia. We obtained 71 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), altogether comprising 93% of the metagenome.

Targeted isolation based on metagenome-assembled genomes reveals a phylogenetically distinct group of thermophilic spirochetes from deep biosphere.

Most microorganisms from deep terrestrial subsurface remain yet uncultured. Recent achievements in recovery of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAG) provide clues for improving cultivation via metabolic reconstructions and other genomic characteristics. Here we report the isolation in pure culture of a thermophilic spirochete with the use of MAGs binned from metagenomes of the deep (>2 km) aquifers broached by two artesian boreholes in Western Siberia.

Complete Genome of a Member of a New Bacterial Lineage in the Microgenomates Group Reveals an Unusual Nucleotide Composition Disparity Between Two Strands of DNA and Limited Metabolic Potential.

The candidate phyla radiation is a large monophyletic lineage comprising unculturable bacterial taxa with small cell and genome sizes, mostly known from genomes obtained from environmental sources without cultivation. Here, we present the closed complete genome of a member of the superphylum Microgenomates obtained from the metagenome of a deep subsurface thermal aquifer. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the new bacterium, designated Ch65, represents a novel phylum-level lineage within the Microgenomates group, sibling to the candidate phylum Collierbacteria.

Domestication of previously uncultivated Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator from a deep aquifer in Siberia sheds light on its physiology and evolution.

An enigmatic uncultured member of Firmicutes, Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator (CDA), is known by its genome retrieved from the deep gold mine in South Africa, where it formed a single-species ecosystem fuelled by hydrogen from water radiolysis. It was believed that in situ conditions CDA relied on scarce energy supply and did not divide for hundreds to thousand years. We have isolated CDA strain BYF from a 2-km-deep aquifer in Western Siberia and obtained a laboratory culture growing with a doubling time of 28.

Isolation, characterization, and genome insights into an anaerobic sulfidogenic Tissierella bacterium from Cu-bearing coins.

Recent reports on antimicrobial effects of metallic Cu prompted this study of anaerobic microbial communities on copper surfaces. Widely circulating copper-containing coinage was used as a potential source for microorganisms that had had human contact and were tolerant to copper. This study reports on the isolation, characterization, and genome of an anaerobic sulfidogenic Tissierella sp.

Genomes of three bacteriophages from the deep subsurface aquifer.

Viral particles have been detected in the underground biosphere where they could be one of the main factors impacting microbial diversity, biogeochemistry and evolution. To characterize the viral component in the deep subsurface biosphere, we sequenced the metagenome of subsurface aquifer located in the Tomsk region of Russia, sampled via 2.8-km-deep borehole 5P.

Genome of the candidate phylum Aminicenantes bacterium from a deep subsurface thermal aquifer revealed its fermentative saccharolytic lifestyle.

Bacteria of candidate phylum OP8 (Aminicenantes) have been identified in various terrestrial and marine ecosystems as a result of molecular analysis of microbial communities. So far, none of the representatives of Aminicenantes have been isolated in a pure culture. We assembled the near-complete genome of a member of Aminicenantes from the metagenome of the 2-km-deep subsurface thermal aquifer in Western Siberia and used genomic data to analyze the metabolic pathways of this bacterium and its ecological role.

Phylogeny and physiology of candidate phylum BRC1 inferred from the first complete metagenome-assembled genome obtained from deep subsurface aquifer.

Candidate bacterial phylum BRC1 has been identified in a broad range of mostly organic-rich oxic and anoxic environments through molecular analysis of microbial communities. None of the members of BRC1 have been cultivated and only a few draft genome sequences have been obtained from metagenomes or as a result of single-cell sequencing. We have reconstructed complete genome of BRC1 bacterium, BY40, from metagenome of the microbial community of a deep subsurface thermal aquifer in the Tomsk Region of the Western Siberia, Russia, and used it for metabolic reconstruction and comparison with existing genomic data.

A metagenomic window into the 2-km-deep terrestrial subsurface aquifer revealed multiple pathways of organic matter decomposition.

We have sequenced metagenome of the microbial community of a deep subsurface thermal aquifer in the Tomsk Region of the Western Siberia, Russia. Our goal was the recovery of near-complete genomes of the community members to enable accurate reconstruction of metabolism and ecological roles of the microbial majority, including previously unstudied lineages. The water, obtained via a 2.

Lignite coal burning seam in the remote Altai Mountains harbors a hydrogen-driven thermophilic microbial community.

Thermal ecosystems associated with underground coal combustion sites are rare and less studied than geothermal features. Here we analysed microbial communities of near-surface ground layer and bituminous substance in an open quarry heated by subsurface coal fire by metagenomic DNA sequencing. Taxonomic classification revealed dominance of only a few groups of Firmicutes.