The curtain model as an alternative and complementary to the classic turgor concept of filamentous fungi.

Turgor pressure is critically important for all organisms with the cell wall. In fungi, turgor is involved in the apical growth of hyphae, affects cell size, provides tension to the plasma membrane, creates the necessary rigidity for hyphae to penetrate the substrate, and has many other functions. However, there is increasing evidence that turgor pressure is not always the sole or main factor influencing some of these processes.

Lomasomes and Other Fungal Plasma Membrane Macroinvaginations Have a Tubular and Lamellar Genesis.

The plasma membrane of filamentous fungi forms large-sized invaginations, which are either tubes or parietal vesicles. Vesicular macroinvaginations at the ultrastructural level correspond to classical lomasomes. There is an assumption that vesicular macroinvaginations/lomasomes may be involved in macrovesicular endocytosis.

Evaluation of the carbonylation of filamentous fungi proteins by dry immune dot blotting.

The development of mycological gerontology requires effective methods for assessing the biological age of fungal cells. This assessment is based on the analysis of a complex of aging and oxidative stress markers. One of the most powerful such markers is the protein carbonylation.

Early endocytosis as a key to understanding mechanisms of plasma membrane tension regulation in filamentous fungi.

Background Information: Two main systems regulate plasma membrane tension (PMT) and provide a close connection between the protoplast and the cell wall in fungi: turgor pressure and the actin cytoskeleton. These systems work together with the plasma membrane focal adhesion to the cell wall and their contribution to fungal cell organization and physiology has been partially studied. However, it remains controversial in model filamentous ascomycetes and oomycetes and even less investigated in filamentous basidiomycetes.

Nitrogen-obtaining and -conserving strategies in xylotrophic basidiomycetes.

Nitrogen in sufficient quantities is strictly necessary for all living organisms. In this study, the ability of some xylotrophic basidiomycetes to grow extremely long on a solid growth medium full of carbon nutrition but lacking a nitrogen source in its composition was discovered. The nitrogen oligotrophy of wood-decaying fungi is associated with their adaptation to live in a wood substrate, which is also deficient in nitrogen content.

Lipids and soluble carbohydrates in the mycelium and ascomata of alkaliphilic fungus Sodiomyces alkalinus.

Alkaliphilic fungi are fundamentally different from alkalitolerant ones in terms of mechanisms of adaptation. They accumulate trehalose in cytosol and phosphatidic acids (PA) in the membrane lipids, whereas alkalitolerants contain these compounds in low amounts. But it is unclear how the composition of osmolytes and lipids changes during cytodifferentiation.

An unusual sexual stage in the alkalophilic ascomycete Sodiomyces alkalinus.

Exploring life cycles of fungi is insightful for understanding their basic biology and can highlight their ecology. Here, we dissected the sexual and asexual life cycles of the obligate alkalophilic ascomycete Sodiomyces alkalinus that thrives at extremely high pH of soda lakes. S.

Membrane lipids and soluble sugars dynamics of the alkaliphilic fungus Sodiomyces tronii in response to ambient pH.

Alkaliphily, the ability of an organism to thrive optimally at high ambient pH, has been well-documented in several lineages: archaea, bacteria and fungi. The molecular mechanics of such adaptation has been extensively addressed in alkaliphilic bacteria and alkalitolerant fungi. In this study, we consider an additional property that may have enabled fungi to prosper at alkaline pH: altered contents of membrane lipids and cytoprotectant molecules.

Karyological evidence for meiosis in the three different types of life cycles existing in Agaricus bisporus.

In Agaricus bisporus all cytological studies performed until now concerned the pseudohomothallic and bisporic var. bisporus. In the past 12 y two tetrasporic varieties have been described, the heterothallic var.

Carboxydocella sporoproducens sp. nov., a novel anaerobic CO-utilizing/H2-producing thermophilic bacterium from a Kamchatka hot spring.

A novel anaerobic, thermophilic, CO-utilizing bacterium, strain KarT, was isolated from a hot spring of Karymskoe Lake, Kamchatka Peninsula. The cells of the novel isolate were Gram-positive, spore-forming, short rods. The bacterium grew chemolithoautotrophically on CO, producing equimolar quantities of H2 and CO2 (according to the equation CO + H2O --> CO2 + H2), and in the absence of CO, under N2 in the gas phase, chemoorganoheterotrophically with yeast extract, sucrose or pyruvate.