School Nurses' Perspectives on the Implementation of a Behavioral Health Referral Process.

Increasing youth behavioral health needs in the United States have underscored the essential role school nurses can play in mitigating them. In response, the District of Columbia Department of Health developed the Behavioral Health Referral Process (BHRP) as a standardized guide, integrating school nurses into multidisciplinary teams and improving students' access to behavioral health services. To assess the BHRP's strengths and opportunities while understanding factors that could impact its implementation, key informant interviews were conducted using the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework with seven school nurses and school nurse managers working in DC schools.

School Nurses' Perceived Role and Capacity to Support School Behavioral Health Programs in DC Public and Public Charter Schools.

School nurses (SNs) practicing in DC public and public charter schools were surveyed to assess their perceived role and self-reported preparation to provide behavioral health prevention, early identification, and treatment services in schools. A total of 154 SNs completed a questionnaire about their role in the delivery of behavioral health services and supports. SNs reported they are primarily involved in the identification and referral of students to other school behavioral health professionals.

Improving African American women's engagement in clinical research: A systematic review of barriers to participation in clinical trials.

Background: Despite multiple efforts, African American women continue to be inadequately represented in clinical research while being overrepresented in disease, producing research results with limited generalizability to this specific population. Our understanding of the barriers to participation in clinical trials among racial/ethnic minority patients in general has evolved, but few studies have examined the reasoning behind African American women's decision to not participate in clinical trials.

Objective: The primary aim was to conduct a systematic review to identify the barriers reported by African American women regarding participation in clinical research to help explain the low levels of enrollment.

Effectiveness and Cost-Benefit of an Elementary School-Based Telehealth Program.

Utilization of telehealth in school-based health centers (SBHCs) is increasing rapidly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used a quasi-experimental design to evaluate the effect on school absences and cost-benefit of telehealth-exclusive SBHCs at 6 elementary schools from 2015-2017. The effect of telehealth on absences was estimated compared to students without telehealth using negative binomial regression controlling for absences and health suite visits in 2014 and sociodemographic characteristics.

Cross-Sectional Retrospective Assessments versus Longitudinal Prospective Assessments of Substance Use Change among Young Adults during COVID-19: Magnitude and Correlates of Discordant Findings.

: Findings regarding changes in substance use since COVID-19 have been mixed, potentially due to differences in methods used to assess change. Thus, we compared changes in substance use per retrospective self-report at one time-point (March-May 2020) versus prospective, longitudinal self-report across 2 time-points (Sept-Dec 2019; March-May 2020), and identified predictors of discordance. We analyzed data from a longitudinal study of 1,082 young adults from 6 metropolitan areas.

Identifying Essential Components of School-Linked Mental Health Services for Refugee and Immigrant Children: A Comparative Case Study.

Background: Foreign-born children rarely use traditional school mental health services. Comprehensive programs that combine mental health services with academic, economic, and socioemotional supports reach more foreign-born children and improve wellbeing. However, little practical guidance exists regarding how to best combine these diverse services.

Systematic Review of School Telehealth Evaluations.

School telehealth is an alternative delivery model to increase student health-care access with minimal evaluation to aid decision makers in the adoption or expansion of programs. This systematic review assesses school-based telehealth programs using a dissemination and implementation (D&I) framework to inform practitioners and decision makers of the value of school telehealth. We assessed findings from 20 studies on telehealth published between January 2006 and June 2018 and summarized program evaluation on a range of D&I constructs.

Integration of Unaccompanied Migrant Youth in the United States: A Call for Research.

Between October 2013 and July 2016, over 156,000 children traveling without their guardians were apprehended at the US-Mexico border and transferred to the care of the Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR). During that same period, ORR placed over 123,000 unaccompanied migrant youth-predominantly from Central America-with a parent or other adult sponsor residing in the US. Following placement, local communities are tasked with integrating migrant youth, many of whom experience pre- and in-transit migration traumas, family separation, limited/interrupted schooling, and unauthorised legal status, placing them at heightened risk for psychological distress, academic disengagement, maltreatment, and human trafficking.

Enhancing Educator Engagement in School Mental Health Care Through Digital Simulation Professional Development.

Background: Despite the critical role of educators as gatekeepers for school mental health services, they receive limited training to support student mental health. We report findings from a trial of an online mental health role-play simulation for elementary school teachers on changes in attitudes and self-reported helping behaviors for students experiencing psychological distress.

Methods: We randomly assigned 18,896 elementary school teachers to wait-list control or intervention conditions in which they received the 45- to 90-minute online role-play simulation.