Effects of Aqueous Dispersions of C, C, and Gd@C Fullerenes on DNA Oxidative Damage/Repair and Apoptosis in Human Embryonic Lung Fibroblasts.

Fullerenes and metallofullerenes play an active role in homeostasis of reactive oxygen species and may cause oxidative damage to cells. As pristine fullerenes are a basis for derivatization, studying oxidative DNA damage/repair and apoptosis is important in terms of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity for their biomedical application. Aqueous dispersions of C, C, and Gd@C (5 nM and 1.

The Phosphonate Derivative of C Fullerene Induces Differentiation towards the Myogenic Lineage in Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Inductors of myogenic stem cell differentiation attract attention, as they can be used to treat myodystrophies and post-traumatic injuries. Functionalization of fullerenes makes it possible to obtain water-soluble derivatives with targeted biochemical activity. This study examined the effects of the phosphonate C fullerene derivatives on the expression of myogenic transcription factors and myogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

Effects of Aqueous Dispersions of C, C and Gd@C Fullerenes on Genes Involved in Oxidative Stress and Anti-Inflammatory Pathways.

Background: Fullerenes and metallofullerenes can be considered promising nanopharmaceuticals themselves and as a basis for chemical modification. As reactive oxygen species homeostasis plays a vital role in cells, the study of their effect on genes involved in oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory responses are of particular importance.

Methods: Human fetal lung fibroblasts were incubated with aqueous dispersions of C, C, and Gd@C in concentrations of 5 nM and 1.

Effects of Functionalized Fullerenes on ROS Homeostasis Determine Their Cytoprotective or Cytotoxic Properties.

Background: Functionalized fullerenes (FF) can be considered regulators of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis; their direct oxidative damage-as well as regulation of oxidant enzymes and signaling pathways-should be considered.

Methods: Uptake of two water-soluble functionalized C fullerenes with different types of aromatic addends (ethylphenylmalonate and thienylacetate) in human fetal lung fibroblasts, intracellular ROS visualization, superoxide scavenging potential, NOX4 expression, NRF2 expression, oxidative DNA damage, repair genes, cell proliferation and cell cycle were studied.

Results & Conclusion: The intracellular effects of ethylphenylmalonate C derivative (FF1) can be explained in terms of upregulated NOX4 activity.

Oxidized cell-free DNA as a stress-signaling factor activating the chronic inflammatory process in patients with autism spectrum disorders.

Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are known to be associated with an inflammatory process related to immune system dysfunction. This study's aim was to investigate the role of cell-free DNA in chronic inflammatory process in ASD patients.

Methods: The study included 133 ASD patients and 27 healthy controls.

Changes of and /NF-B Expression Levels Induced by Cell-Free DNA in Different Cell Types.

Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a circulating DNA of nuclear and mitochondrial origin mainly derived from dying cells. Recent studies have shown that cfDNA is a stress signaling DAMP (damage-associated molecular pattern) molecule. We report here that the expression profiles of cfDNA-induced factors NRF2 and NF-B are distinct depending on the target cell's type and the GC-content and oxidation rate of the cfDNA.