National Trends in Mental Health Care for US Adolescents.

Importance: The prevalence of adolescent depression and other internalizing mental health problems has increased in recent years, whereas the prevalence of externalizing behaviors has decreased. The association of these changes with the use of mental health services has not been previously examined.

Objective: To examine national trends in the care of different mental health problems and in different treatment settings among adolescents.

Sex differences on the relation between major depressive disorder and labor market outcomes: A national prospective study.

To ascertain the direction of causality and differences by sex between major depressive disorder (MDD) and labor market outcomes in the US population, we used structural equation models separately for males and females to assess prospectively the interdependency of depression and labor market outcomes at Waves 1 (2001-2002) and 2 (2004-2005) of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Diagnosis of MDD used DSM-IV criteria. We found that MDD at Wave 1 predicted being out of the labor force for males at Wave 2 (p = 0.

Using filled prescription sequences to rank antidepressants according to their acceptability in the general population: The Constances cohort.

Ranking antidepressants according to their acceptability (i.e. a combination of both efficacy and tolerability) in the general population may help choosing the best first-line medication.

U.S. Adults With Pain, a Group Increasingly Vulnerable to Nonmedical Cannabis Use and Cannabis Use Disorder: 2001-2002 and 2012-2013.

Objective: Given changes in U.S. marijuana laws, attitudes, and use patterns, individuals with pain may be an emerging group at risk for nonmedical cannabis use and cannabis use disorder.

Trends in Buprenorphine Treatment in the United States, 2009-2018.

This study assessed the number of individuals receiving treatment for opioid use disorder in the United States by age group and sex using a national prescription database to compare between the number of buprenorphine prescriptions filled and the number of US opioid-related overdose deaths.

Racial-Ethnic Differences in Service Use Patterns Among Young, Commercially Insured Individuals With Recent-Onset Psychosis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate racial-ethnic differences in use of mental health services and antipsychotic medication in the year following the recent onset of a psychotic disorder and to examine the role of household income as a proxy for socioeconomic status.

Methods: Deidentified administrative claims data from the OptumLabs Data Warehouse were used to identify 8,021 commercially insured individuals ages 14 through 30 with a recent-onset psychotic disorder (January 1, 2011, through December 31, 2015). The authors compared mental health service use among African-American (11.

Exposure to Surgery and Anesthesia in Early Childhood and Subsequent Use of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Medications.

Background: Some recent clinical studies have found that early childhood exposure to anesthesia is associated with increased risks of behavioral deficits and clinical diagnoses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). While diagnoses in claims data may be subject to inaccuracies, pharmacy claims are highly accurate in reflecting medication use. This study examines the association between exposure to surgery and anesthesia and subsequent ADHD medication use.

The neurobiology of treatment-resistant schizophrenia: paths to antipsychotic resistance and a roadmap for future research.

Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), the persistence of positive symptoms despite ≥2 trials of adequate dose and duration of antipsychotic medication with documented adherence, is a serious clinical problem with heterogeneous presentations. TRS can vary in its onset (at the first episode of psychosis or upon relapse), in its severity, and in the response to subsequent therapeutic interventions (i.e.

Trends In Opioid Prescribing And Self-Reported Pain Among US Adults.

Clinically informed efforts to curb inappropriate opioid prescribing seek to reduce prescribing to adults with lower pain levels that are potentially manageable with alternative therapies. According to the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, the annual share of US adults who were prescribed opioids decreased from 12.9 percent in 2014 to 10.

Toward a Comprehensive Developmental Model of Prescription Opioid Use Disorder.

Objective: To develop a comprehensive etiologic model of DSM-5 prescription opioid use disorder (POUD) based on Kendler and colleagues' development model for major depressive disorder.

Methods: Data were drawn from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (2012-2013). Risk factors were divided into 4 developmental tiers (childhood/early adolescence, late adolescence, adulthood, past year).

Acute Care, Prescription Opioid Use, and Overdose Following Discontinuation of Long-Term Buprenorphine Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder.

Objective: Although buprenorphine treatment reduces risk of overdose and death in opioid use disorder, most patients discontinue treatment within a few weeks or months. Adverse health outcomes following buprenorphine discontinuation were compared among patients who were successfully retained beyond 6 months of continuous treatment, a minimum treatment duration recently endorsed by the National Quality Forum.

Methods: A retrospective longitudinal cohort analysis was performed using the MarketScan multistate Medicaid claims database (2013-2017), covering 12 million beneficiaries annually.

Prescription Benzodiazepine Use in Privately Insured U.S. Children and Adolescents.

Introduction: Benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed in the U.S. but entail safety concerns, including dependency.

The Relationship Between Evidence-Based Practices and Emergency Department Managers' Perceptions on Quality of Care for Self-Harm Patients.

To understand the extent to which implementation of evidence-based practices affects emergency department (ED) nurse managers' perceptions of quality of care provided to deliberate self-harm patients. ED nursing leadership from a nationally representative sample of 513 hospitals completed a survey on the ED management of deliberate self-harm patients, including the quality of care for deliberate self-harm patients on a 1 to 5 point Likert-type scale. Unadjusted and adjusted analyses, controlling for relevant hospital characteristics, examined associations between the provision of evidence-based practices and quality of care.

Mental health delivery in primary care: The perspectives of primary care providers.

Purpose: To explore perspectives of primary care providers (PCPs), including physicians and nurse practitioners (NPs), about delivery of mental health care in primary care settings.

Methods: We used a qualitative descriptive designed convenience sample of physicians (N = 12) and NPs (N = 14) through face-to-face interviews in New York State.

Results: Three themes emerged: 1) prioritization of patient needs; 2) applicability of mental health care in primary care settings; and 3) physician and NP approaches to mental health care.

Relationship Between Continuity of Care and Discharge Planning After Hospital Psychiatric Admission.

Objective: This study examined whether communication between inpatient and outpatient mental health providers during patients' inpatient stays was associated with whether patients attended postdischarge appointments.

Methods: Psychiatric inpatient medical records of 189 Medicaid recipients at two hospitals were reviewed to document whether inpatient staff had communicated with current or prior outpatient providers. Medicaid claims provided demographic, clinical, and outpatient attendance data.

Opioid and Benzodiazepine Coprescribing in the United States Before and After US Food and Drug Administration Boxed Warning.

This case series study provides a national estimate of opioid and benzodiazepine coprescribing before and after the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) boxed warning.

If You Could Change 1 Thing to Improve the Quality of Emergency Care for Deliberate Self-harm Patients, What Would It Be? A National Survey of Nursing Leadership.

Introduction: Emergency departments increasingly treat patients for deliberate self-harm. This study sought to understand emergency department nursing leadership perspectives on how to improve the quality of emergency care for these patients.

Methods: ED nursing managers and directors from a national sample of 476 hospitals responded to an open-ended question asking for the 1 thing they would change to improve the quality of care for self-harm patients who present in their emergency departments.