[Enzymes in the process of neuronal differentiation of the hen spinal ganglion, spinal cord and tectum opticum. A cytophotometric histochemical study].

Changes in the activity of 13 enzymes are described in the process of cytodifferentiation of the nerve cells of spinal ganglion, the motor neurons of spinal cord and large nerve cells of the III layer of tectum opticum in 7, 10 and 21 day old chick embryos. Cytophotometry was performed with MZFV-1 (LOMO) by means of plug-method. A relatively high activity of glucose-6-phosphat dehydrogenase, diaphorase, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and, partially, acetylcholine esterase was found already in the 7 days old embryo.

Cytophotometrical histochemical method of simultaneous measurement of two ingredients (DNA, proteins, enzymes) in the same cell.

There are 2 alternative procedures for cytophotometrical determination of 2 histochemical ingredients (DNA, proteins, and enzymes) in the same cell. The 1st possibility consists of the sequential measurement of 2 ingredients, when the 2nd chromophore is revealed after the determination and extraction of the 1st chromophore. Another one is the simultaneous measurement, when the 2 histochemical reactions (at 1st with the 1st chromophore and then with the other one) are performed on the fixed sections.

[Nuclear proteins and nucleic acids during differentiation of neurons in the spinal cord ganglia, spinal cord and tectum opticum in chickens. Cytophotometric study with computation programs].

By means of doublewave cytophotometry of the histological sections and smears performed with the device mtsfv-1 (lomo) it has been demonstrated that differentiation of some neurons of the spinal ganglia and the spinal cord is accompanied with hyperreplication of DNA amount exceeding the diploid contents, while the large neurons in layer III of the tectum opticum remain diploid. In the process of differentiation an increased amount of RNA and histones, and decreasing portion of histones sented for the microcalculator b3-21.

[Cytophotometric study of the AChE-containing nerve cells and fibers of the rabbit heart after electrostimulation of the area hypothalamica posterior].

By means of cytophotometry and a computer in the cardiac intramural neural plexus of 17 experimental and 17 control rabbits acetilcholine esterase (AChE) activity (revealed by Karnovsky--Roots' method) was investigated. It was stated that a prolonged electrostimulation of the area hypothalamica posterior (AHP) produced statistically significant 2-fold decrease of AChE activity in the cardiac neural cells and fibres. When the stimulation of AHP was stopped, the decreased enzymatic activity was observed for the first two weeks, then by the end of the 4th week it again reached its control level.

[Cultivation of whole brain slices: a description of the method and the results of its use for culturing the rhombencephalon and midbrain of chick embryos].

A method and device for obtaining embryo brain slices are described. Results of cultivation of slices of rhombencephalon and mesencephalon are presented obtained in accord with a proposed technique of the "swimming float" (Olenev, 1979). With this cultivation, original topographical relations between brain nuclei and fibrillar tracts remain unchanged that enables us to compare these cultures with histological sections of brain to identify strictly the structures being cultivated.

[Comparative study of dehydrogenase and diaphorase activity in spinal ganglion neurons in vivo and during their cultivation in vitro].

Enzymatic activity was investigated in spinal ganglia of 10-day-old chick embryo and in 10-day-old cultures of these ganglia (the method of "flying glasses"). Histochemical preparations were photometrically treated with the one-wave plug-method in the device MCFB-1 (LOMO) with the diameter of the probe 8 mkm. As the result of the investigations on optic density, a definite conclusion was made about relative activity of 15 enzymes and a general scheme of neuronal metabolism was graphically presented under the conditions of cultivation, enzymatic activity of krebs cycle was demonstrated to decrease, while that of diaphorase and lactate dehydrogenase to increase.

[Comparative study of the activities of dehydrogenases and diaphorases. Basis of the technic].

In order to reveal dehydrogenase and diaphorase in spinal ganglia neurons of 12-day-old chick embryos in cryostat sections, the following modifications of the medium were used: for dehydrogenase - sodium salt substrate 50 mM, NAD or NADPh 0.75 mM, nitro-BT 0.61 mM, phosphate buffer pH 7.

[Histochemical study of the chemoreceptor function of the carotid body in comparison with the superior cervical ganglion].

The distribution and relative activities of some dehydrogenases and diaphorases in the rat's carotid body and ganglion cervicale superior were studied histochemically and cytophotometrically. The treatment of rats by the medium with decreased oxygen and increased carbon dioxide contents, a reliable rise of NAD--diaphorase activities was found in the interlobe tissue and (less expressed and late appearing) in the principal cells. In contrast, such changes were not observed in the ganglion cervicale superioir, that have not a special chemoreceptory function.

[Effect of nerve growth factor and amizil on the viability and metabolism of cultured spinal ganglia].

Spinal ganlia of a 9-day chick embryo were cultivated by the method of "floating rafts" in common medium (control) and in the medium containing amizyl (100 microgram/ml) or a neuregrowth factor (50 microgram/ml). With the action of amizyl there proved to be an increase in the number of surviving neurons; the majority of these neurons contained monoaminoxidase; there was a rise of NAD-diaphorase activity, and, to a lesser extent, of lactic dehydrogenase and isocitric dehydrogenase activities. The neurogrowth factor caused an increase in the number of nerve cells with acetylcholinesterase; there was an elevation of NAD-diaphorase and some rise of malic dehydrogenase activities; the activity of lactic dehydrogenase became maximal; as to succinic dehydrogenase--its activity was somewhat suppressed.

[The pathogenesis of psychomotor epilepsy (a histochemical study of a penicillin epileptic focus in the rat hippocampus)].

By the aid of histochemical methods the authors sutdied the activity and distribution of acetylcholinesterase, monoamineoxidase, glutamatedehydrogynase and gammaaminobutyric acid -- transferase in the dorsal hypocampus of rats. It was shown that the activity of all the studied enzymes are significantly changed following 0.5 and 1.