Patient satisfaction with a pharmacist-led best possible medication discharge plan via tele-robot in a remote and rural community hospital.

Introduction: Medication reconciliation (MedRec) reduces the risk of preventable medication-related adverse events (ADEs). A best possible medication discharge plan (BPMDP) is a revised list of medications a patient will take when discharged from hospital; a pharmacist review ensures accuracy. For many hospitals, on-site pharmacists are non-existent.

Pharmacy Distribution, Clinical, and Management Services: A Survey of Small Hospitals in Canada Supported by Telepharmacy Services.

Background: The Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists' Hospital Pharmacy in Canada Report presents data from pharmacy departments that service hospitals with at least 50 acute care beds. This report provides valuable data on pharmacy distribution, clinical, and management services in relation to hospital size, type, and geographic region. Pharmacy and hospital leadership use these extensive data in identifying baseline, benchmarking current, and planning enhanced pharmacy services.

Diagnostic Value of Galectin-3 in Distinguishing Invasive Encapsulated Carcinoma from Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasms with Papillary-Like Nuclear Features (NIFTP).

: non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP), which is considered as low-risk cancer, should be distinguished from the malignant invasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (EFVPTC). Improved discrimination of NIFTPs from invasive EFVPTCs using a molecular biomarker test could provide useful insights into pre- and post-surgical management of the indeterminate thyroid nodule. Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a β-galactosyl-binding molecule in the lectin group, is involved in different biological functions in well differentiated thyroid carcinomas.

Programmed death-ligand 1 expression by digital image analysis advances thyroid cancer diagnosis among encapsulated follicular lesions.

Recognition of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) that distinguishes them from invasive malignant encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (EFVPTC) can prevent overtreatment of NIFTP patients. We and others have previously reported that programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a useful biomarker in thyroid tumors; however, all reports to date have relied on manual scoring that is time consuming as well as subject to individual bias. Consequently, we developed a digital image analysis (DIA) protocol for cytoplasmic and membranous stain quantitation (ThyApp) and evaluated three tumor sampling methods [Systemic Uniform Random Sampling, hotspot nucleus, and hotspot nucleus/3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB)].

Programmed Death - Ligand 1 Expression Distinguishes Invasive Encapsulated Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma from Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-like Nuclear Features.

Background: The noninvasive Encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid cancer (EFVPTC) has been reclassified as Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) without a significant risk for malignant behavior. However the evaluation remains a challenge for clinicians. We sought to determine whether programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression may serve as a biomarker to predict invasiveness of EFVPTC and assist to distinguish these neoplasms from NIFTP.

Programmed death-ligand 1 overexpression is a prognostic marker for aggressive papillary thyroid cancer and its variants.

Programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1) expression on tumor cells is emerging as a potential predictive biomarker in anti-PD-L1 directed cancer immunotherapy. We analyzed PD-L1 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and its variants and determined its prognostic potential to predict clinical outcome in these patients. This study was conducted at an academic oncology hospital which is a prime referral centre for thyroid diseases.