Physics and mechanism of ultrasonic impact.

More and more experts and researchers in industry express their interest in the application of deformation effects of various peening techniques on the metal surface. This is primarily due to a relatively simple directional change in condition at the surface and in sub-surface layers of the material as a result of plastic deformation due to impulses of force caused, among other things, by converting ultrasonic oscillations of various impacting elements (indenters) at the treated surface. These effects are of a stochastic nature and their duration (or the time of impact) is generally measured in units of microseconds.