Biocides with Controlled Degradation for Environmentally Friendly and Cost-Effective Fecal Sludge Management.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) and polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) exhibit high antimicrobial activity and are widely used as biocidal agents in chemical toilet additives for the management of fecal sludge (FS). Disposal of such biocide-treated FS to a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is a major environmental problem. It is possible to reduce environmental damage through the use of biocidal agents, which easily decompose after performing their main biocidal functions.

Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride- and Polyhexamethylene Guanidine-Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Fecal Sludge and Their Potential Use in Biological Products for the Detoxification of Biocide-Contaminated Wastewater Prior to Conventional Biological Treatment.

Toxic shock caused by the discharge of biocide-contaminated fecal sludge (FS) from chemical toilets to conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) can be a major problem in activated sludge operation. It is necessary to develop new environmental approaches to mitigate the toxicity of biocides in order to avoid degrading the performance of WWTP. "Latrina", a chemical toilet additive containing didecyldimethylammonium chloride and polyhexamethylene guanidine, is widely used in environmentally safe toilet complexes (ESTC) on Russian railway trains to deodorize FS and control microbial activity.