[Not Available].

This review summarises the present knowledge of acute foot attacks in patients with diabetes. Diagnosis and treatment of acute foot attacks in patients with diabetes are often delayed, which increases the risk of amputations. To prevent this, urgent action is necessary, as it is for acute myocardial infarction and stroke, to ensure that patients are seen by competent specialists in a multidisciplinary team within hours.

[Not Available].

In Denmark, the incidence rate of lower extremity amputations (LEA) in patients with diabetes has decreased remarkably from 1980 to 2017, in contrast to USA, where it has increased in the last decade. In this review the development in Denmark is summarised. In fact, in 2017, the incidence rate of LEA in patient with diabetes was "only" two-4 four-fold larger than in persons without diabetes.

Treatment of osteoporosis with denosumab in patients with decreased kidney function.

Introduction: Little is known about treatment of osteoporosis with denosumab (Prolia®) in patients with decreased kidney function. The aim of this retrospective case report study was to investigate effects and side-effects of such treatment.

Methods: Since 2012, 75 patients with osteoporosis and decreased kidney function had been treated with denosumab (Prolia®) in the osteoporosis outpatient clinic of the department of endocrinology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and data were retrospectively collected from the patient records of these patients in 2021.

Long-Term Changes in Sarcopenia and Body Composition in Diabetes Patients with and without Charcot Osteoarthropathy.

Background: Charcot osteoarthropathy of the foot (COA) can currently only be treated using prolonged periods of immobilization of the affected extremity. Therefore, the hypothesis is that COA leads to altered body composition and increased sarcopenia.

Objective: To investigate the changes over several years in sarcopenia, body composition, and fat distribution in diabetes patients with previous COA compared to diabetes patients without previous COA.

Quality of diabetes treatment in four orthopaedic departments in the Capital Region of Denmark.

Introduction: Hyperglycaemia during hospitalisation is associated with a longer and more complicated admission and with increased mortality. Therefore, guidelines suggest that blood glucose should be less than 10 mmol/l. In this audit, we aimed to describe the prevalence of diabetes patients at four orthopaedic departments in the Capital Region of Denmark and to measure the quality of in-hospital diabetes management.

Risk factors for development of nephropathy in patients with a diabetic Charcot foot.

Objective: Charcot foot is a rare complication to neuropathy and can cause severe foot deformities and ulcerations, which often require prolonged antibiotical treatment. The objective of this retrospective study was to investigate whether this treatment is associated to impaired renal function.

Results: In total, 163 patients were included, of whom 105 (64%) had received β-lactam antibiotics for a mean total duration of 13.

Fractures and Osteoporosis in Patients With Diabetes With Charcot Foot.

Objective: Charcot foot is a serious complication of diabetes, with degeneration of the bones and joints in the foot and ankle. It is unknown whether patients with diabetes with a Charcot foot have an increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures. The aim of this study was to investigate whether patients with diabetes with a Charcot foot have an increased risk of fracture and/or osteoporosis compared with patients with diabetes without Charcot foot.

Study protocol for optimising glycaemic control in type 1 diabetes treated with multiple daily insulin injections: intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring, carbohydrate counting with automated bolus calculation, or both? A randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: There are beneficial effects of advanced carbohydrate counting with an automatic bolus calculator (ABC) and intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) in persons with type 1 diabetes. We aim to compare the effects of isCGM, training in carbohydrate counting with ABC and the combination of the two concepts with standard care.

Methods And Analysis: A multi-centre randomised controlled trial with inclusion criteria: ≥18 years, type 1 diabetes ≥1 year, injection therapy, HbA1c >53 mmol/mol, whereas daily use of carbohydrate counting and/or CGM/isCGM wear are exclusion criteria.

Healing of Diabetic Foot Ulcers in Patients Treated at the Copenhagen Wound Healing Center in 1999/2000 and in 2011/2012.

Aim: To describe differences in healing time of diabetic foot ulcers for patients treated at the Copenhagen Wound Healing Center, Bispebjerg Hospital, between the years 1999/2000 and 2011/2012. The Center is highly specialized and receives diabetes patients with hard-to-heal foot ulcers. A further aim is to attempt to find predictors of healing time of diabetic foot ulcers.

Mortality and complications after treatment of acute diabetic Charcot foot.

Aims: Charcot foot is a rare but disabling complication to diabetic neuropathy, and can cause permanent, limb-threatening deformities. The aim of this study was to investigate a population of patients a Charcot foot on a case-by-case basis, in order to assess the consequences of an acute Charcot foot and its complications.

Methods: The study was conducted a retrospective study of patients admitted to the Copenhagen Wound Healing Center between 1996 and 2015 with the diagnosis of Charcot foot (DM14.

Markers of Local Inflammation and Bone Resorption in the Acute Diabetic Charcot Foot.

Objective: Due to the localized nature of Charcot foot, systemically altered levels of inflammation markers can be difficult to measure. The aim of this study was to investigate whether it is possible to detect an arteriovenous (A-V) flux in any locally produced inflammatory biomarkers from an acute Charcot foot by comparing local and systemic measurements.

Methods: We included patients with acute diabetic Charcot foot.

A review of bone metabolism and developments in medical treatment of the diabetic Charcot foot.

Charcot foot is a rare but severe, and possibly limb-threatening, complication to neuropathy and diabetes mellitus. The current treatment consists of long-term off-loading, and has a large negative impact on the patient's life. Much research has gone into understanding the condition and its biochemical mechanisms, however, the underlying pathogenesis of a Charcot foot is not yet fully understood.

Long-term effects on the progress of neuropathy after diabetic Charcot foot: an 8.5-year prospective case-control study.

Objective: Charcot foot is a severe complication to diabetes mellitus, associated with diabetic neuropathy. Any long-term effects of a Charcot foot on the progress of neuropathy are still largely unexplored. The objective was to investigate whether a previous Charcot foot had any long-term effects on the progress of neuropathy.

Bone mineral density and markers of bone turnover and inflammation in diabetes patients with or without a Charcot foot: An 8.5-year prospective case-control study.

Background And Aims: Charcot foot is a rare but severe complication to diabetes and peripheral neuropathy. It is still unclear if an acute Charcot foot has long-term effects on the bone metabolism. To investigate this, we conducted a follow-up study to examine if a previously acute Charcot foot has any long-term effects on bone mineral density (BMD) or local or systemic bone metabolism.

[Not Available].

Aim: To identify risk factors for early death in diabetes patients who undergo amputations below the ankle.

Methods: A retrospective study, where all hospital records of all diabetes patients who had undergone minimum one amputation below the ankle at the CWHC Bispebjerg Hospital, Denmark, in the period 1996-2013, were examined. The amputations were mainly trans-metatarsal amputations and partial amputations of toes.

Clinical management of acute diabetic Charcot foot in Denmark.

Introduction: Charcot foot is a severe complication to diabetes mellitus and treatment involves several different clinical specialities. Our objective was to describe the current awareness, knowledge and treatment practices of Charcot foot among doctors who handle diabetic foot disorders.

Methods: This study is based on a questionnaire survey sent out to healthcare professionals, primarily doctors, working with diabetic foot ulcers and Charcot feet in the public sector of the Danish healthcare system.

Sarcopenia and body composition in diabetic Charcot osteoarthropathy.

Background: Treatment of Charcot osteoarthropathy (COA) requires restricted walking and offloading for several months, which lead to fat re-distribution and increased sarcopenia.

Objectives/aim: To investigate whether subjects with COA have an altered body composition compared to controls.

Methods: Cross-sectional case-control study of people with diabetes with acute or chronic Charcot osteoarthropathy, matched with otherwise healthy people with diabetes.

The management of diabetic foot ulcers in Danish hospitals is not optimal.

Introduction: The diabetic foot is a complicated health issue which ideally involves several different specialists to ensure the most effective treatment. The Danish Health and Medicines Authority recently published a national guideline to address the implementation of multidisciplinary teams in the treatment. The objective of this study was to describe the treatment practices at the time the guidelines were launched.

The effect of oral loading doses of cholecalciferol on the serum concentration of 25-OH-vitamin-D.

Background/objectives: Severe vitamin D deficiency can be treated with oral loading doses of cholecalciferol. Our objective was to develop an algorithm to accurately calculate the amount of cholecalciferol needed for a loading dose, and what factors should be taken into account.

Methods: Two studies were conducted on subjects with Vitamin D deficiency.

Efficacy and safety of the PPARγ partial agonist balaglitazone compared with pioglitazone and placebo: a phase III, randomized, parallel-group study in patients with type 2 diabetes on stable insulin therapy.

Background: Treatment of patients with perioxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ full agonists are associated with weight gain, heart failure, peripheral oedema, and bone loss. However, the safety of partial perioxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonists has not been established in a clinical trial. The BALaglitazone glucose Lowering Efficacy Trial aimed to establish the glucose-lowering effects and safety parameters of the perioxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ partial agonist balaglitazone in diabetic patients on stable insulin therapy.

[Charcot's arthropathy].

Charcot's arthropathy is a rare complication to diabetes with peripheral neuropathy. The diagnosis is based on a red, oedematous foot with 2 degrees C difference in skin temperature between the affected foot compared to the unaffected foot. The condition is characterised by fractures, dislocation of joints and deformity.

[Diabetic ketoacidosis in Denmark--registry-based estimation of incidence and mortality. Secondary publication].

The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and mortality from DKA using data from public health registries. We extracted information on 4807 admissions during the period 1996-2002 and 137 deaths during the period 1996-2000 with a diagnosis of DKA from the Danish National Patient Registry (NPR) and the Danish Cause of Death Registry (CDR) respectively. The annual incidence of DKA in the general population was estimated to 12.

[Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis in adults in Denmark--need for national guidelines. Secondary publication].

This study examines variations in treatment routines for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in Denmark. All departments of internal medicine in Denmark managing DKA were invited to complete a questionnaire. 88% replied.