Klimeschiopsis terroris auctt. from Spaina further case of cryptic diversity in European Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae, Gelechiinae).

A new species of Gnorimoschemini (Gelechiidae), Klimeschiopsis arnoldfransorum sp. nov., is described from specimens collected in Spain.

 sp. nov. - a new species of Thiotrichinae (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from south-eastern Europe.

is described from Greece and Croatia. The systematic position of the new species within is discussed based on external and genitalia characters and from DNA barcodes of the mitochondrial COI gene (cytochrome c oxidase 1). Adults, details of external morphology, and male and female genitalia of the new species are illustrated.

An updated checklist of Azorean arthropods (Arthropoda).

Background: The Azores is a remote oceanic archipelago of nine islands which belongs to the Macaronesia biogeographical region hosting a unique biodiversity. The present Azorean landscape is strongly modified by the presence of man and only in small areas, where the soil or climate was too rough, have primitive conditions remained unchanged. Despite the fact that most of the Azorean native habitats are now lost, a large number of endemic species are still present and need urgent conservation.

A review of the Palearctic Ptycerata Ely, 1910 (= Caulastrocecis Chrtien, 1931, syn. nov.) based on morphology (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae).

The genus Ptycerata Ely, 1910 is recognised as a senior synonym of Caulastrocecis Chrtien, 1931, syn. nov., and revised in the Palearctic region.

Diagnostics and updated checklist of Oriental Pseudopostega (Opostegidae), including the matrona species group with a new, extralimital species discovered in the Mediterranean.

We provide diagnostics for eight species groups of Oriental Pseudopostega Kozlov (Lepidoptera: Opostegidae) and a pictorial key for their identification. We designate three new species groups, P. frigida and P.

, a new species (Lepidoptera, Tineidae) inhabiting nests of the Boreal owl ().

Kaila, Mutanen, Huemer, Karsholt & Autto, (Lepidoptera, Tineidae) is described as a new species. It is closely related to the widespread and common ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775), but differs in its distinct COI DNA barcode sequences, four examined nuclear loci as well as details in forewing coloration and pattern. Most reared specimens of have emerged from the nest remnants of the Boreal owl ( (Linnaeus, 1758)), but also nests of the Ural owl ( Pallas, 1771) and the Great tit ( Linnaeus, 1758) have been observed as suitable habitats.

The enigmatic case of the genus Argyresthia in the Azores Islands (Lepidoptera: Argyresthiidae).

The species composition of the genus Argyresthia Hübner, 1825 in the Azores is examined. Argyresthia brumella, sp. nov.

sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from northern Italy - a case of taxonomic confusion.

is described from the western Alps (prov. Torino, Italy). The dorsal habitus and genitalia for both the male and brachypterous female are provided.

DNA barcode library for European Gelechiidae (Lepidoptera) suggests greatly underestimated species diversity.

For the first time, a nearly complete barcode library for European Gelechiidae is provided. DNA barcode sequences (COI gene - cytochrome oxidase 1) from 751 out of 865 nominal species, belonging to 105 genera, were successfully recovered. A total of 741 species represented by specimens with sequences ≥ 500bp and an additional ten species represented by specimens with shorter sequences were used to produce 53 NJ trees.

Commented checklist of European Gelechiidae (Lepidoptera).

The checklist of European Gelechiidae covers 865 species, belonging to 109 genera, with three species records which require confirmation. Further, it is the first checklist to include a complete coverage of proved synonyms of species and at generic level. The following taxonomic changes are introduced: (Nel, 1998) of (Zeller, 1847), Vives, 2001 of (Zeller, 1839); Gozmány, 1951 of Hering, 1933, (Gozmány, 1957) , (Nel & Varenne, 2012) , (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854) , (Gozmány, 1957) , (Bruand, 1851) , (Nel, 1995) , (Chrétien, 1904) , (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854) , (Staudinger, 1871) , (Junnilainen, 2010) , (Nel, 2012) , (Chrétien, 1908) , (Constant, 1895) , (Varenne & Nel, 2010) , (Gozmány, 1953) , (Millière, 1872) , (Linnaeus, 1758) , (Rebel, 1903) , (Zeller, 1839) , (Huemer & Karsholt, 2013) , (Karsholt & Huemer, 2013) , (Huemer & Karsholt, 2011) , (Zeller, 1872) , (Elsner, 2013) , (Piskunov, 1990) , (Duponchel, 1843) , (Zeller, 1847) , (Heinemann, 1870) , (Meyrick, 1926) , (Staudinger, 1859) , (Nel, 1995) , (Šumpich & Skyva, 2012) ; (Walsingham, 1908) , (Walsingham, 1905) ; Meyrick, 1923 ; (Meyrick, 1926) ; (Nel & Varenne, 2013) ; Petry, 1911 ; (Gozmány, 1952) Following Article 23.

An annotated checklist of Gelechiidae (Lepidoptera) of Israel with description of two new species.

One hundred forty-six species of Gelechiidae including 36 new records are reported from Israel. Anarsia balioneura Meyrick, 1921 and Polyhymno chionarcha Meyrick, 1913 are recorded for the first time in the Palaearctic region. Two new species are described: Metzneria freidbergi sp.

Revision of the genus Zeller, 1839, a challenging taxonomic tightrope of species delimitation (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae).

The taxonomy of the Palearctic genus Zeller, 1839 (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) is revised, based on external morphology, genitalia and DNA barcodes. An integrative taxonomic approach supports the existence of 85 species which are arranged in 24 species groups (disputed taxa from other faunal regions are discussed). Morphology of all species is described and figured in detail.

Species conservation profile of moths (Insecta, Lepidoptera) from Azores, Portugal.

Background: The few remnants of Azorean native forests harbour a unique set of endemic moths (Insecta, Lepidoptera), some of them under severe long term threats due to small sized habitats or climatic changes. In this contribution, we present the IUCN Red List profiles of 34 endemic moths to the Azorean archipelago, including species belonging to two diverse families: Noctuidae (11 species) and Crambidae (eight species). The objective of this paper is to assess all endemic Azorean moth species and advise on possible future research and conservation actions critical for the long-trem survival of the most endangered species.

Illustrated review of the leaf-mining Nepticulidae of the central Andes (Peru and Bolivia).

We review forty-five species of Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) based on an analysis of samples collected in the central Andean region of Peru and Bolivia. Thirteen of these species are new to science, and are named and described here: Stigmella paracosma Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov.

Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna.

The monograph treats 29 species of leaf-mining pygmy moths (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae) discovered in the northern Andean bush and grass páramo and the central Andean puna at altitudes above 3700 m. They represent the world's highest-altitudinal Nepticulidae fauna known. The height record belongs to Stigmella nivea sp.

Species-Level Para- and Polyphyly in DNA Barcode Gene Trees: Strong Operational Bias in European Lepidoptera.

The proliferation of DNA data is revolutionizing all fields of systematic research. DNA barcode sequences, now available for millions of specimens and several hundred thousand species, are increasingly used in algorithmic species delimitations. This is complicated by occasional incongruences between species and gene genealogies, as indicated by situations where conspecific individuals do not form a monophyletic cluster in a gene tree.

A review of the genus Nothris Hübner, 1825, with description of new species (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae).

The West Palaearctic genus Nothris is reviewed. Eight species are distinguished, and adults and genitalia are described and figured. Two species are described as new for science: Nothris gregerseni sp.

Revision of the genus Istrianis Meyrick, 1918 (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) with special regard to the Palaearctic region.

Twenty-one species of the genus Istrianis are recognized as valid in the world fauna, 11 of which are described as new: I. pseudomyricariella sp. nov.

Resource specialists lead local insect community turnover associated with temperature - analysis of an 18-year full-seasonal record of moths and beetles.

Insect responses to recent climate change are well documented, but the role of resource specialization in determining species vulnerability remains poorly understood. Uncovering local ecological effects of temperature change with high-quality, standardized data provides an important first opportunity for predictions about responses of resource specialists, and long-term time series are essential in revealing these responses. Here, we investigate temperature-related changes in local insect communities, using a sampling site with more than a quarter-million records from two decades (1992-2009) of full-season, quantitative light trapping of 1543 species of moths and beetles.

DNA barcoding as a screening tool for cryptic diversity: an example from Caryocolum, with description of a new species (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae).

We explore the potential value of DNA barcode divergence for species delimitation in the genus Caryocolum Gregor & Povolný, 1954 (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae), based on data from 44 European species (including 4 subspecies). Low intraspecific divergence of the DNA barcodes of the mtCOI (cytochrome c oxidase 1) gene and/or distinct barcode gaps to the nearest neighbor support species status for all examined nominal taxa. However, in 8 taxa we observed deep splits with a maximum intraspecific barcode divergence beyond a threshold of 3%, thus indicating possible cryptic diversity.

Review of the Eulamprotes wilkella species-group based on morphology and DNA barcodes, with descriptions of new taxa (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae).

The Eulamprotes wilkella species-group is revised based on morphological characters and on DNA barcodes of the mtCOI (Cytochrome c Oxidase 1) gene. Adult morphology combined with sequence information for 9 species supports the existence of 12 species, 7 of which are described as new to science: E. mirusella Huemer & Karsholt sp.