The impact of life-long strength versus endurance training on muscle fiber morphology and phenotype composition in older men.

Aging is typically associated with decreased muscle strength and rate of force development (RFD), partly explained by motor unit remodeling due to denervation, and subsequent loss of fast-twitch type II myofibers. Exercise is commonly advocated to counteract this detrimental loss. However, it is unclear how life-long strength versus endurance training may differentially affect markers of denervation and reinnervation of skeletal myofibers and, in turn, affect the proportion and morphology of fast-twitch type II musculature.

PoseEdit: enhanced ligand binding mode communication by interactive 2D diagrams.

In this article, we present PoseEdit, a new, interactive frontend of the popular pose visualization tool PoseView. PoseEdit automatically produces high-quality 2D diagrams of intermolecular interactions in 3D binding sites calculated from ligands in complex with protein, DNA, and RNA. The PoseView diagrams have been improved in several aspects, most notably in their interactivity.

Stroke volume response during prolonged exercise depends on left ventricular filling: evidence from a β-blockade study.

Prolonged moderate-intensity exercise leads to a progressive upward drift in heart rate (HR) that may compromise stroke volume (SV). Alternatively, the HR drift may be related to abated SV due to impaired ventricular function. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of cardiovascular drift on left ventricular volumes and in turn SV.

Aging increases metabolic capacity and reduces work efficiency during handgrip exercise in males.

Maximal oxygen uptake and exercise performance typically decline with age. However, there are indications of preserved vascular function and blood flow regulation during arm exercise. Yet, it is unknown if this potential physiological preservation with age is mirrored in peripheral metabolic capacity and V̇o/W ratio.

Strength versus endurance trained master athletes: Contrasting neurophysiological adaptations.

Neural factors play a critical role in the age-related decline in maximal strength and rate of force development (RFD). However, it is uncertain how the age-related attenuation in neuromuscular function may be mitigated in strength or endurance trained master athletes. In this study we applied evoked spinal motoneuron recordings to examine descending motor drive, i.

Maximal strength training in patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease: implications for physical function and quality of life.

Purpose: Patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease (IRD) have attenuated muscle strength in the lower extremities, resulting in impaired physical function and quality of life. Although maximal strength training (MST), applying heavy resistance, is documented to be a potent countermeasure for such attenuation, it is uncertain if it is feasible in IRD given the pain, stiffness, and joint swelling that characterize the population.

Methods: 23 patients with IRD (49 ± 13 years; 20 females/3 males), diagnosed with spondyloarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or systemic lupus erythematosus, were randomized to MST or a control group (CG).

Smartphone-Assisted High-Intensity Interval Training in Inflammatory Rheumatic Disease Patients: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs) experience disease-related barriers to physical training. Compared with the general population, IRD patients are reported to have reduced maximal oxygen uptake (VO) and physical activity levels. Supervised high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is documented to counteract the reduced VO and poor cardiovascular health associated with IRDs.

Versatile high-pressure gas apparatus for benchtop NMR: Design and selected applications.

A simple, yet highly versatile setup is presented for benchtop NMR analyses of gases at high-pressure. It consists mostly of commercial parts and includes multiple safety features while maintaining a small size to fit into a 1.20 m wide fume hood.

Early Maximal Strength Training Improves Leg Strength and Postural Stability in Elderly Following Hip Fracture Surgery.

Introduction: Hip fractures predominantly occur in the geriatric population and results in increased physical inactivity and reduced independency, largely influenced by a downward spiral of ambulatory capacity, related to loss of skeletal muscle strength and postural stability. Thus, effective postoperative treatment, targeting improvements in muscle strength, is sought after.

Materials & Methods: Twenty-one hip fracture patients (>65 yr) were randomized to 8 weeks of either conventional physiotherapy control group (CG), or leg press and hip abduction maximal strength training (MST) 3 times per week.

High-Intensity Shoulder Abduction Exercise in Subacromial Pain Syndrome.

Unlabelled: Subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS) defined as pain of nontraumatic origin localized around the acromion, is a debilitating, common, and often chronic condition. Among many proposed underlying causes of SAPS, hypoperfusion and hypoxic conditions in and around the tendons may be an intrinsic cause of SAPS.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine if adding high-intensity aerobic interval training (HIIT) of the rotator cuff to usual care was feasible in SAPS and improved shoulder endurance more than usual care alone, as well as to examine the influence on shoulder pain and disability and the response of tendinous microcirculation after HIIT.

Medicine and interest politics a study of decision-making processes in the area of vascular surgery in Norway.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to increase the understanding of organizational challenges when decision-makers try to comply with technological developments and increasing demands for a more rational distribution of health care services. This paper explores two decision-making processes from 2007-2019 in the area of vascular surgery at a regional and a local level in Norway.

Design/methodology/approach: The study draws upon extensive document analyses, semi-structured interviews and field conversations.

Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Adaptations to Maximal Strength Training in Older Adults.

Maximal strength training (MST) results in robust improvements in skeletal muscle force production, efficiency, and mass. However, the effects of MST on muscle mitochondria are still unknown. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to examine, from the molecular level to whole-muscle, mitochondrial adaptations induced by 8 weeks of knee-extension MST in the quadriceps of 10 older adults using immunoblotting, spectrophotometry, high-resolution respirometry in permeabilized muscle fibers, in vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS), and gas exchange.

The Non-linear Electrical Properties of Silver/silver Chloride Electrodes in Sodium Chloride Solution.

An electrical measurement is non-linear when it is affected by the applied stimulus, i.e. when the measured phenomenon changes with amplitude.

Distribution and bioaccumulation of POPs and mercury in the Ga-Selati River (South Africa) and the rivers Gudbrandsdalslågen and Rena (Norway).

Biomagnification of Hg and persistent organic pollutants (POPs: polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)) in aquatic food chains can lead to high pollutant concentrations in top predators, including humans. Despite this threat to human health, research concerning bioaccumulation is still underrepresented in the southern hemisphere and in (sub)arctic and (sub)tropical areas, emphasizing the need for research in these locations. In this study, samples of water, sediment and aquatic biota were analyzed to determine concentrations of POPs and total mercury (THg) in the Ga-Selati river (South Africa) and two rivers Rena and Gudbrandsdalslågen in Norway.

Maximal strength training increases muscle force generating capacity and the anaerobic ATP synthesis flux without altering the cost of contraction in elderly.

Aging is associated with a progressive decline in skeletal muscle function, then leading to impaired exercise tolerance. Maximal strength training (MST) appears to be a practical and effective intervention to increase both exercise capacity and efficiency. However, the underlying physiological mechanisms responsible for these functional improvements are still unclear.

Reliability of forearm oxygen uptake during handgrip exercise: assessment by ultrasonography and venous blood gas.

Assessment of forearm oxygen uptake (V˙O ) during handgrip exercise is a keenly investigated concept for observing small muscle mass metabolism. Although a combination of Doppler ultrasound measurements of brachial artery blood flow (Q˙) and blood gas drawn from a deep forearm vein has been utilized to calculate forearm V˙O for more than two decades, the applicability of this experimental design may benefit from a thorough evaluation of its reliability during graded exercise. Therefore, we evaluated the reliability of this technique during incremental handgrip exercise in ten healthy young (24 ± 3(SD) years.

Maximal strength training-induced improvements in forearm work efficiency are associated with reduced blood flow.

Maximal strength training (MST) improves work efficiency. However, since blood flow is greatly dictated by muscle contractions in arms during exercise and vascular conductance is lower, it has been indicated that arms rely more upon adapting oxygen extraction than legs in response to the enhanced work efficiency. Thus, to investigate if metabolic and vascular responses are arm specific, we used Doppler-ultrasound and a catheter placed in the subclavian vein to measure blood flow and the arteriovenous oxygen difference during steady-state work in seven young men [24 ± 3 (SD) yr] following 6 wk of handgrip MST.

Cysteine deprivation prevents induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-2 and adipose differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells.

Plasma cysteine is strongly associated with body fat mass in human cohorts and diets low in cysteine prevents fat accumulation in mice. It is unclear if plasma cysteine affects fat development or if fat accumulation raises plasma cysteine. To determine if cysteine affects adipogenesis, we differentiated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in medium with reduced cysteine.

Spatial and temporal genetic structure of a river-resident Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) after millennia of isolation.

The river-resident Salmo salar ("småblank") has been isolated from other Atlantic salmon populations for 9,500 years in upper River Namsen, Norway. This is the only European Atlantic salmon population accomplishing its entire life cycle in a river. Hydropower development during the last six decades has introduced movement barriers and changed more than 50% of the river habitat to lentic conditions.

Fatty acids regulate perilipin5 in muscle by activating PPARδ.

The surface of lipid droplets (LDs) in various cell types is coated with perilipin proteins encoded by the Plin genes. Perilipins regulate LD metabolism by selectively recruiting lipases and other proteins to LDs. We have studied the expression of perilipins in mouse muscle.

Improved burns therapy: liposomes-in-hydrogel delivery system for mupirocin.

Wounds, particularly burns, are prone to colonization of potentially life-threatening bacteria. Local delivery of antimicrobial agents in sufficient quantities and over longer period of time can reduce risk of burn infections. Mupirocin-in-liposomes-in-hydrogels were proposed as advanced delivery system for improved burn therapy.

Direct and indirect climatic drivers of biotic interactions: ice-cover and carbon runoff shaping Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus and brown trout Salmo trutta competitive asymmetries.

One of the major challenges in ecological climate change impact science is to untangle the climatic effects on biological interactions and indirect cascading effects through different ecosystems. Here, we test for direct and indirect climatic drivers on competitive impact of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus L.) on brown trout (Salmo trutta L.

IL-7 is expressed and secreted by human skeletal muscle cells.

In addition to generating movement, skeletal muscle may have a function as a secretory organ. The aim of the present study was to identify novel proteins with signaling capabilities secreted from skeletal muscle cells. IL-7 was detected in media conditioned by primary cultures of human myotubes differentiated from satellite cells, and concentrations increased with incubation time.

Adaptive winter survival strategies: defended energy levels in juvenile Atlantic salmon along a latitudinal gradient.

Current knowledge suggests that patterns of energy storage and depletion in animals are governed by behavioural trade-offs between risks associated with feeding and future energy demands. However, the length of adverse periods varies over geographical or climatic gradients. To explore the potential for genotypic sources of variation in behavioural trade-offs, we compared the winter energy-depletion patterns among 13 wild populations of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.