Optimal levels of sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity needed to support cognitive function in children of the early years.

Background: Sleep, sedentary behaviour, physical activity, and the composition of these movement behaviours across the 24-h day are associated with cognitive function in early years children. This study used a Goldilocks day compositional data analysis approach to identify the optimal duration of sleep, sedentary behaviour, light physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity associated with desired cognitive function outcomes in early years children.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 858 children aged 2.

Health effects of children's summer holiday programs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Unfavourable changes occur in children's health behaviours and outcomes during the summer holidays. This systematic review aimed to determine the effectiveness of summer holiday programs in mitigating these changes.

Methods: Six databases (MEDLINE, JBI, PsychINFO, Embase, ERIC and Scopus) were systematically searched for experimental controlled studies that investigated programs of at least 5 days' duration conducted exclusively during the summer holiday period on school-aged children (5-18 years).

Should We Work Smarter or Harder for Our Health? A Comparison of Intensity and Domain-Based Time-Use Compositions and Their Associations With Cognitive and Cardiometabolic Health.

Background: Each day is made up of a composition of "time-use behaviors." These can be classified by their intensity (eg, light or moderate-vigorous physical activity [PA]) or domain (eg, chores, socializing). Intensity-based time-use behaviors are linked with cognitive function and cardiometabolic health in older adults, but it is unknown whether these relationships differ depending on the domain (or type/context) of behavior.

Effect of Summer Holiday Programs on Children's Mental Health and Well-Being: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Poor youth mental health is an area of global concern. Summer holiday programs may provide environments that support mental health when the structures and supports of school are not available. The aim of this review was to determine the effectiveness of summer holiday programs in improving the mental health, social-emotional well-being, and cognitive (non-academic) outcomes of children and adolescents.

Measuring 24-h use of time in people with a diabetes-related foot ulcer: A feasibility study.

Background: Physical activity (PA), sleep and sedentary time are now recognised as mutually exclusive and exhaustive parts of the 24-h day-if PA decreases, time spent sleeping, being sedentary or both must increase so that all components equate to 24 h. Recent advances in time-use epidemiology suggest that we should not consider time-use domains (PA, sleep and sedentary time) in isolation from each other, but in terms of a composition-the mix of time-use domains across the 24-h day. While interrelated daily activities are known to be important in the management of diabetes mellitus, few studies have investigated the interrelated daily activities in people with an active diabetes-related foot ulcer (DFU) and their impact on important outcomes such as wound severity, blood glucose control and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

It's about time to exercise: development of the Exercise Participation Explained in Relation to Time (EXPERT) model.

A perceived 'lack of time' is consistently the most commonly reported barrier to exercise. However, the term fails to capture the multifaceted nature of time-related factors. Recognising the need for a more comprehensive analysis of 'lack of time' as a barrier to exercise, the aim of this study was to develop the exercise participation explained in relation to time (EXPERT) model.

Improving the identification of bone-specific physical activity using wrist-worn accelerometry: A cross-sectional study in 11-12-year-old Australian children.

Physical activity (PA) during childhood and adolescence is important for the accrual of maximal peak bone mass. The precise dose that benefits bone remains unclear as methods commonly used to analyze PA data are unsuitable for measuring bone-relevant PA. Using improved accelerometry methods, this study identified the amount and intensity of PA most strongly associated with bone outcomes in 11-12-year-olds.

Children's Health, Wellbeing and Academic Outcomes over the Summer Holidays: A Scoping Review.

Background: The school day provides a supportive and stimulating environment that may protect children and adolescents (5-18 years) from behaviours that are adverse for health and wellbeing.

Objective: To review the literature regarding changes in children's academic achievement or overall wellbeing during the extended school summer break and evaluate if the outcomes are different for children experiencing disadvantage.

Methods: The peer-reviewed literature was searched across six electronic databases for studies tracking changes in any academic, health or wellbeing outcome in children over the summer holidays.

The Annual Rhythms in Sleep, Sedentary Behavior, and Physical Activity of Australian Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Sleep, sedentary behavior, and physical activity have fundamental impacts on health and well-being. Little is known about how these behaviors vary across the year.

Purpose: To investigate how movement-related behaviors change across days of the week and seasons, and describe movement patterns across a full year and around specific temporal events.

Cross-sectional associations between 24-hour time-use composition, grey matter volume and cognitive function in healthy older adults.

Background: Increasing physical activity (PA) is an effective strategy to slow reductions in cortical volume and maintain cognitive function in older adulthood. However, PA does not exist in isolation, but coexists with sleep and sedentary behaviour to make up the 24-hour day. We investigated how the balance of all three behaviours (24-hour time-use composition) is associated with grey matter volume in healthy older adults, and whether grey matter volume influences the relationship between 24-hour time-use composition and cognitive function.

Time use and dimensions of healthy sleep: A cross-sectional study of Australian children and adults.

Background: Sleep is increasingly recognized as a multidimensional construct that occurs within the 24-hour day. Despite advances in our understanding, studies continue to consider the relationship between sleep, sedentary time and physical activity separately, and not as part of the 24-hour day.

Aims: To determine the association between the 24-hour activity composition and dimensions of healthy sleep.

Meeting 24-h movement behavior guidelines is linked to academic engagement, psychological functioning, and cognitive difficulties in youth with internalizing problems.

Background: This study aimed to investigate associations of meeting 24-h movement behavior (24-HMB: physical activity [PA], screen time [ST] in the school-aged youth, and sleep) guidelines with indicators of academic engagement, psychological functioning, and cognitive function in a national representative sample of U.S. youth.

Changes in fitness and fatness in Australian schoolchildren during the summer holidays: fitness lost, fatness regained? A cohort study.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that children's fatness increases and fitness declines at a greater rate during the summer holiday period, compared with the school year. The aim of this study was to compare rates of change in fitness and fatness over the in-term and summer holiday periods among Australian schoolchildren. A secondary aim was to explore whether rates of change differed according to the child's sex, socio-economic status (SES), pubertal status and weight status.

The association between reallocations of time and health using compositional data analysis: a systematic scoping review with an interactive data exploration interface.

Background: How time is allocated influences health. However, any increase in time allocated to one behaviour must be offset by a decrease in others. Recently, studies have used compositional data analysis (CoDA) to estimate the associations with health when reallocating time between different behaviours.

Polygenic Risk Scores and the Risk of Childhood Overweight/Obesity in Association With the Consumption of Sweetened Beverages: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) and non-nutritive sweetened beverage (NNSB) consumption is associated with obesity and are targets for population-level dietary interventions. In children (<16 years), we evaluate whether SSB or NNSB consumption is associated with subsequent (2 years later) overweight and/or obesity, and the effect of consumption on subsequent overweight/obesity differs by BMI polygenic risk score (BMI-PRS). The nationally representative Longitudinal-Study-of-Australian-Children had biennial data collection from birth ( = 5107) until age 14/15 years ( = 3127).

The Association Between Socioeconomic Status and Use of Time in Australian Children and Adolescents.

Purpose: There are well-known socioeconomic status (SES) gradients in children and adolescents' health which may be associated with time use. Our aim was to evaluate the association between Australian children's 24-hour time use and SES using four separate surveys from 2005 to 2021.

Methods: Time use was assessed in 4526 8-19-year-olds from the 2005 Health of Young Victorians, 2007 National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2015 Child Health CheckPoint, and 2019-21 Life on Holidays study.

Association between the use of weight management strategies and weight change among Australian adults over 12 months: an observational study.

Background: Obesity is a growing, global public health issue. This study aimed to describe the weight management strategies used by a sample of Australian adults; examine the socio-demographic characteristics of using each strategy; and examine whether use of each strategy was associated with 12-month weight change.

Methods: This observational study involved a community-based sample of 375 healthy adults (mean age: 40.

Weekly, Seasonal, and Festive Period Weight Gain Among Australian Adults.

Importance: Obesity is a major global health concern. A better understanding of temporal patterns of weight gain will enable the design and implementation of interventions with potential to alter obesity trajectories.

Objective: To describe changes in daily weight across 12 months among Australian adults.

Corrigendum: Twenty-four-hour time-use composition and cognitive function in older adults: cross-sectional findings of the ACTIVate study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.

Longitudinal reallocations of time between 24-h movement behaviours and their associations with inflammation in children and adolescents: the UP&DOWN study.

Background: While there is evidence that physical activity, sedentary behaviour (SB) and sleep may all be associated with modified levels of inflammatory markers in adolescents and children, associations with one movement behaviour have not always been adjusted for other movement behaviours, and few studies have considered all movement behaviours in the 24-hour day as an exposure.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to explore how longitudinal reallocations of time between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), SB and sleep are associated with changes in inflammatory markers in children and adolescents.

Methods: A total of 296 children/adolescents participated in a prospective cohort study with a 3-year follow-up.

Children's activity and diet behaviours in the summer holidays versus school year.

Background: Evidence shows children gain more weight during the summer holidays versus the school year.

Objectives: To examine within-child differences in activity and diet behaviours during the summer holidays versus the school year.

Methods: Children (mean age 9.

Weather associations with physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep patterns of Australian adults: a longitudinal study with implications for climate change.

Background: Weather is a potentially important influence on how time is allocated to sleep, sedentary behaviour and physical activity across the 24-h day. Extremes of weather (very hot, cold, windy or wet) can create undesirable, unsafe outdoor environments for exercise or active transport, impact the comfort of sleeping environments, and increase time indoors. This 13-month prospective cohort study explored associations between weather and 24-h movement behaviour patterns.