Factors Influencing Older People's Intentions to Vaccinate.

Vaccination is crucial in reducing the spread of disease and improving overall patient mortality. Limited information exists regarding pharmacist accessibility outside traditional medical settings or impact on older patients' intention to vaccinate. This study aimed to examine patient perceptions regarding pharmacist accessibility and vaccination intention.

A contact binary satellite of the asteroid (152830) Dinkinesh.

Asteroids with diameters less than about 5 km have complex histories because they are small enough for radiative torques (that is, YORP, short for the Yarkovsky-O'Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack effect) to be a notable factor in their evolution. (152830) Dinkinesh is a small asteroid orbiting the Sun near the inner edge of the main asteroid belt with a heliocentric semimajor axis of 2.19 AU; its S-type spectrum is typical of bodies in this part of the main belt.

Spacecraft sample collection and subsurface excavation of asteroid (101955) Bennu.

Carbonaceous asteroids, such as (101955) Bennu, preserve material from the early Solar System, including volatile compounds and organic molecules. We report spacecraft imaging and spectral data collected during and after retrieval of a sample from Bennu's surface. The sampling event mobilized rocks and dust into a debris plume, excavating a 9-meter-long elliptical crater.

Near-zero cohesion and loose packing of Bennu's near subsurface revealed by spacecraft contact.

When the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft pressed its sample collection mechanism into the surface of Bennu, it provided a direct test of the poorly understood near-subsurface physical properties of rubble-pile asteroids, which consist of rock fragments at rest in microgravity. Here, we find that the forces measured by the spacecraft are best modeled as a granular bed with near-zero cohesion that is half as dense as the bulk asteroid. The low gravity of a small rubble-pile asteroid such as Bennu effectively weakens its near subsurface by not compressing the upper layers, thereby minimizing the influence of interparticle cohesion on surface geology.

Disease Burden Among Individuals with Severe Mental Illness in a Community Setting.

This study examines the prevalence of comorbid physical health conditions within a community sample of individuals with severe mental illness (SMI), compares them to a matched national sample without SMI, and identifies which comorbidities create the greatest disease burden for those with SMI. Self-reported health status, co-morbid medical conditions and perceived disease burden were collected from 203 adults with SMI. Prevalence of chronic health conditions was compared to a propensity-matched sample without SMI from the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication (NCS-R).

Elevated blood pressure: Our family's fault? The genetics of essential hypertension.

Aim: To provide an updated review on current genetic aspects possibly affecting essential hypertension (EH), and to further elucidate their role in EH.

Methods: We searched for genetic and epigenetic factors in major studies associated with EH between Jan 2008-Oct 2013 using PubMed. We limited our search to reviews that discussed mostly human studies, and were accessible through the university online resource.

Are restrained eaters accurate monitors of their intoxication? Results from a field experiment.

Brief interventions encourage college students to eat more before drinking to prevent harm (Dimeff et al., 1999), although many women decrease their caloric intake (Giles et al., 2009) and the number of eating episodes (Luce et al.

Evidence of associations between bipolar disorder and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene.

Objective: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has important roles in neural cell growth and differentiation. Despite multiple lines of evidence suggesting BDNF as a possible contributor to the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder (BD), the results of genetic association studies have been mixed. We hypothesize that BDNF gene polymorphisms may confer increased susceptibility to BD.

Airborne microorganisms, endotoxin, and (1→3)-β-D-glucan exposure in greenhouses and assessment of respiratory symptoms among workers.

Objectives: Greenhouse operations are an important sector of the horticulture industry, also known as the Green Industry. The objectives of this study were (i) to investigate exposure levels to airborne culturable fungi, bacteria (total culturable bacteria and actinomycetes), endotoxin, and (1→3)-β-D-glucan in three Midwest greenhouses during summer and winter using multiple exposure assessment methods; (ii) characterize the load of microorganisms on greenhouse floors and determine potential microbial source strengths of the floors for aerosolizing microbial biocontaminants, and (iii) to estimate the prevalence of rhinitis, wheezing, asthma, and other respiratory symptoms/conditions among greenhouse workers.

Methods: Stationary inhalable aerosol samples were collected from each greenhouse using Button Inhalable Aerosol Samplers.

Influence of skip patterns on item non-response in a substance use survey of 7th to 12th grade students.

This retrospective case study assessed the influence of item non-response error on subsequent response to questionnaire items assessing adolescent alcohol and marijuana use. Post-hoc analyses were conducted on survey results obtained from 4,371 7th to 12th grade students in Ohio in 2005. A skip pattern design in a conventional questionnaire appeared to increase non-response error rates at first introduction.

Undergraduate drinking and academic performance: a prospective investigation with objective measures.

Objective: Findings from previous prospective research suggest the association between alcohol use and undergraduate academic performance is negligible. This study was designed to address weaknesses of the past research by relying on objective measures of both drinking and academic performance.

Method: A prospective study was conducted with repeated measures of exposure to alcohol linked to institutional academic records.

Drug metabolism genotypes and their association with adverse drug reactions in selected populations: a pilot study of methodology.

Aims-(1) To undertake a pilot population study of the investigation of pharmacogenetic factors that may lead to adverse drug reactions (ADRs). (2) To investigate whether a population of patients taking fluoxetine, moclobemide or omeprazole reported to the New Zealand (NZ) Intensive Medicines Monitoring Programme (IMMP) with ADRs, have a higher frequency of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 poor metabolizer (PM) genotypes than a reference population. (3) To determine the frequency of CYP2C19 alleles in the NZ Caucasian population.

Normative beliefs as risk factors for involvement in unhealthy weight control behavior.

Objective: The authors' aim in this study was to determine, after adjustment for the effects of body mass index and sociodemographic measures, whether sex-specific weight control norms would have significant independent relationships with the weight control behavior of college women and men.

Participants: The authors used an anonymous questionnaire to assess a sample of 470 college students, aged 18 to 26 years, attending either a 2- year community college or a 4-year public university.

Methods: To calculate body mass index, the authors objectively measured the height and weight of each participant.

Outcomes of a technology-based social norms intervention to deter alcohol use in freshman residence halls.

Objective: The authors tested a prototype intervention designed to deter alcohol use in residence halls.

Participants: Approximately 384 freshmen participated in the study over a 2-year period.

Methods: The authors devised a feedback method that assessed residents' blood alcohol concentration (BAC) at night and allowed the readings to be retrieved the next day via the Web.

Reconceptualizing research on undergraduate alcohol use: the need for student engagement.

Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is presented as an unrecognized and urgently needed approach for addressing the persistent public health concern of college student drinking in the United States. A major contention of this article is that the lack of progress in reducing alcohol-related harm among college students during the past several decades has been the research community's failure to effectively engage and collaborate with undergraduates on shared concerns. The challenges of addressing college student drinking are reviewed, distinctive features of CBPR are described, and suggestions are provided for adopting CBPR as a more viable approach than those offered by traditional campus strategies.

Influence of dog ownership and high endotoxin on wheezing and atopy during infancy.

Background: Increased exposure to microbial products early in life may protect from development of atopic disorders in childhood. Few studies have examined the relationship of endotoxin exposure and pet ownership on atopy and wheezing during infancy.

Objective: Evaluate relationships among high endotoxin exposure, pet ownership, atopy, and wheezing in high-risk infants.

The effect of home characteristics on dust antigen concentrations and loads in homes.

On-site home visits, consisting of a home inspection, dust sampling, and questionnaires were conducted in 777 homes belonging to an ongoing birth cohort study in Cincinnati, Ohio. Various home characteristics were investigated, and antigen levels (concentrations [microg/g] and loadings [microg/m(2)]; IU for cockroach allergen) in floor dust samples collected in child's primary activity room were analyzed by ELISA. Monoclonal antibodies were used for the analysis of cat, house dust mite, and cockroach allergens, and polyclonal antibodies for Alternaria and dog antigens.

A vision for doctoral research training in health behavior: a position paper from the American Academy of Health Behavior.

Objective: To establish and disseminate the position of the American Academy of Health Behavior (The Academy) on doctoral research training.

Methods: A collaborative process involving the Work Group on Doctoral Research Training with input from The Academy membership led to the development of the guidelines described herein.

Results: A set of guidelines is provided that describe the process of learning to be a scholar/researcher and the outcomes of learning the practice of health behavior research.

The role of sex-specific normative beliefs in undergraduate alcohol use.

Objectives: To create explanatory models of 3 undergraduate drinking practices based on sex-specific norms.

Methods: An electronic, student survey at one Mid-western university produced a representative sample of college students.

Results: Multivariate analyses indicated that close-friend norms were the best predictors of drinking frequency, quantity, and drunkenness.

Relations between normative beliefs and initiation intentions toward cigarette, alcohol and marijuana.

Purpose: To examine the relations between normative beliefs and intentions to initiate cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use among adolescents reporting no prior use.

Methods: An anonymous questionnaire was administered to 6,594 seventh- to twelfth-grade students in northeast Ohio. Separate analyses were conducted on sub-samples of respondents reporting no prior use of each substance.

A close look at why one social norms campaign did not reduce student drinking.

The authors examined 3 possible explanations for the failure of a social norms campaign at a large public university. They administered an anonymous survey to 2 random samples of undergraduate classes: a baseline assessment of 616 students before the campaign's implementation and a follow-up survey of 723 students 4 academic years later. At follow-up, 66.