Dietary Polyphenols in the Aetiology of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis-A Multicenter European Prospective Cohort Study (EPIC).

Background: Oxidative stress may be involved in the aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease and whether dietary polyphenols, which possess antioxidants properties, prevent its development is unknown.

Methods: A total of 401,326 men and women aged 20 to 80 years from 8 countries were recruited between 1991 and 1998 and at baseline completed validated food frequency questionnaires. Dietary polyphenol intake was measured using Phenol-Explorer, a database with information on the content of 502 polyphenols.

Persistent psychological distress and mortality in patients with stable coronary artery disease.

Background: A single assessment of psychological distress, which includes depression and anxiety, has been associated with increased mortality in patients with coronary heart disease, but the prognostic importance of persistence of distress symptoms is less certain.

Aim: To determine whether intermittent and/or persistent psychological distress is associated with long-term cardiovascular (CV) and total mortality in patients with stable coronary artery disease.

Methods: 950 participants in the Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) trial completed at least four General Health Questionnaires (GHQ-30) at baseline and after ½, 1, 2 and 4 years.

Clinical experience and diagnostic algorithm of vulval Crohn's disease.

Background And Aim: Vulval Crohn's disease (VCD) is a rare extraintestinal cutaneous manifestation of Crohn's disease. No consensus on the diagnostic workup and therapeutic management of this condition has been provided in the current literature.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective, multicentre descriptive case series of female patients diagnosed and treated with VCD.

Using digital interventions to improve the cardiometabolic health of populations: a meta-review of reporting quality.

Objectives: We conducted a meta-review to determine the reporting quality of user-centered digital interventions for the prevention and management of cardiometabolic conditions.

Materials And Methods: Using predetermined inclusion criteria, systematic reviews published between 2010 and 2015 were identified from 3 databases. To assess whether current evidence is sufficient to inform wider uptake and implementation of digital health programs, we assessed the quality of reporting of research findings using (1) endorsement of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, (2) a quality assessment framework (eg, Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool), and (3) 8 parameters of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials of Electronic and Mobile HEalth Applications and onLine TeleHealth (CONSORT-eHEALTH) guidelines (developed in 2010).

No association of alcohol use and the risk of ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease: data from a European Prospective cohort study (EPIC).

Background/objectives: The role of long-term alcohol consumption for the risk of developing ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) is unclear. For the first time, to prospectively assess the role of pre-disease alcohol consumption on the risk of developing UC or CD.

Subjects/methods: Nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-IBD), incident UC and CD cases and matched controls where included.

Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long-term conditions.

Background: Automated telephone communication systems (ATCS) can deliver voice messages and collect health-related information from patients using either their telephone's touch-tone keypad or voice recognition software. ATCS can supplement or replace telephone contact between health professionals and patients. There are four different types of ATCS: unidirectional (one-way, non-interactive voice communication), interactive voice response (IVR) systems, ATCS with additional functions such as access to an expert to request advice (ATCS Plus) and multimodal ATCS, where the calls are delivered as part of a multicomponent intervention.

Clinical implications of low grade dysplasia found during inflammatory bowel disease surveillance: a retrospective study comparing chromoendoscopy and white-light endoscopy.

 Current guidelines recommend the use of pancolonic chromoendoscopy for surveillance of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is currently unknown whether low grade dysplasia (LGD) found using chromoendoscopy carries a similar risk of high grade dysplasia (HGD) or colorectal cancer (CRC) compared with LGD detected using white-light endoscopy (WLE). The aim of this study was to compare the risk of advanced neoplasia, a combined endpoint of HGD and CRC, during follow-up after detection of lesions containing LGD identified with either chromoendoscopy or WLE.

Innovative Approaches to Hypertension Control in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Elevated blood pressure, a major risk factor for ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and stroke, is the leading global risk for mortality. Treatment and control rates are very low in low- and middle-income countries. There is an urgent need to address this problem.

Cluster randomised feasibility trial to improve the Control of Hypertension In Rural India (CHIRI): a study protocol.

Introduction: Hypertension is emerging in rural populations of India. Barriers to diagnosis and treatment of hypertension may differ regionally according to economic development. Our main objectives are to estimate the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in 3 diverse regions of rural India; identify barriers to diagnosis and treatment in each setting and evaluate the feasibility of a community-based intervention to improve control of hypertension.

Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity But Not Sedentary Time Is Associated With Musculoskeletal Health Outcomes in a Cohort of Australian Middle-Aged Women.

Associations between physical activity and time spent sedentary and musculoskeletal outcomes remain unclear in middle-aged adults. This study aimed to describe associations between objectively-measured physical activity and sedentary time and musculoskeletal health outcomes in middle-aged women. This cross-sectional study from a population-based sample of 309 women (age 36 to 57 years) examined associations of total physical activity (accelerometer counts/min of wear time), and time spent sedentary, in light physical activities and moderate-to-vigorous physical activities (MVPA) (by Actigraph GT1M accelerometer) with lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) bone mineral density (BMD) (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), lower limb muscle strength (LMS), and functional mobility and balance tests (timed up and go test [TUG], functional reach test [FRT], lateral reach test [LRT], and step test [ST]) using linear regression.

Smoking is Associated with Higher Disease-related Costs and Lower Health-related Quality of Life in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background And Aims: Smoking affects the course of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. We aimed to study the impact of smoking on IBD-specific costs and health-related quality-of-life [HrQoL] among adults with Crohn's disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC].

Methods: A large cohort of IBD patients was prospectively followed during 1 year using 3-monthly questionnaires on smoking status, health resources, disease activity and HrQoL.

Cut-points for associations between vitamin D status and multiple musculoskeletal outcomes in middle-aged women.

Unlabelled: This was the first study examining optimal vitamin D status for musculoskeletal health in middle-aged women. A 25-hydroxyvitamin D level of at least 29 to 33 nmol/L appears required for optimal musculoskeletal health, but the current cut-off of 50 nmol/L may be warranted.

Introduction: This study aimed to determine whether cut-points exist for associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and musculoskeletal health outcomes in middle-aged women, below which greater 25OHD levels are associated with musculoskeletal health benefits and above which no such associations exist.

Low Rate of Dysplasia Detection in Mucosa Surrounding Dysplastic Lesions in Patients Undergoing Surveillance for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Background & Aims: When dysplastic lesions are encountered during surveillance colonoscopy of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), guidelines recommend collection of additional biopsies from the surrounding mucosa to ensure the lesion has been adequately circumscribed. We aimed to determine the rate of dysplasia in mucosa biopsies collected from tissues surrounding dysplastic lesions during IBD surveillance.

Methods: In a retrospective study, we collected endoscopy and pathology reports from 1065 patients undergoing colonoscopic surveillance for IBD from 2000 through 2015 at 3 centers in the Netherlands.

The emergence of integrated approaches to worker health, safety and wellbeing in Australia.

Integrated approaches to worker health, safety and wellbeing have been progressively developed and implemented internationally for over a decade; however, implementation in the Australian context is still in the early stages. Integrated workplace interventions recognise the interaction between health protection and health promotion to create a workplace culture in which health, safety and wellbeing are valued and managed efficiently, together with a view to improve organisational productivity. The present paper describes the progress of integrated approaches in six Victorian workplaces considered early adopters and identifies the drivers for further policy and program development in this area.

The Economic Impact of the Introduction of Biosimilars in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Objective: Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] entails a high economic burden to society. We aimed to estimate the current and future impact of the introduction of biosimilars for infliximab on IBD-related health care costs.

Methods: We designed a stochastic economic model to simulate the introduction of biosimilars in IBD, using a 5-year time horizon, based on the Dutch situation.

Cardiovascular risk outcome and program evaluation of a cluster randomised controlled trial of a community-based, lay peer led program for people with diabetes.

Background: The 2013 Global Burden of Disease Study demonstrated the increasing burden of diabetes and the challenge it poses to the health systems of all countries. The chronic and complex nature of diabetes requires active self-management by patients in addition to clinical management in order to achieve optimal glycaemic control and appropriate use of available clinical services. This study is an evaluation of a "real world" peer support program aimed at improving the control and management of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Australia.

Gut Microbial Diversity Is Reduced in Smokers with Crohn's Disease.

Background: Smoking has a negative impact on Crohn's disease (CD), but the mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. We compared the gut microbiota composition of smoking with nonsmoking patients with CD using a metagenomic approach.

Methods: Stool samples and clinical data were collected from current smokers and nonsmokers with CD from France and the Netherlands, matched for country, gender, age, disease activity, and body mass index.

Pooled Resequencing of 122 Ulcerative Colitis Genes in a Large Dutch Cohort Suggests Population-Specific Associations of Rare Variants in MUC2.

Genome-wide association studies have revealed several common genetic risk variants for ulcerative colitis (UC). However, little is known about the contribution of rare, large effect genetic variants to UC susceptibility. In this study, we performed a deep targeted re-sequencing of 122 genes in Dutch UC patients in order to investigate the contribution of rare variants to the genetic susceptibility to UC.

Assessing Self-reported Medication Adherence in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Comparison of Tools.

Background: Capturing (non)-adherence to medical prescriptions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is challenging. We aimed to compare 3 different tools to measure self-assessed medication adherence of patients with IBD.

Methods: Adult patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis were prospectively followed.

Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and the Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A European Nested Case-Control Study.

Background: Industrialization has been linked to the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Aim: We investigated the association between air pollution exposure and IBD.

Methods: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort was used to identify cases with Crohn's disease (CD) (n = 38) and ulcerative colitis (UC) (n = 104) and controls (n = 568) from Denmark, France, the Netherlands, and the UK, matched for center, gender, age, and date of recruitment.

Baseline characteristics of participants in the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program: a cluster randomized controlled trial of lifestyle intervention in Asian Indians.

Aims: To describe the baseline characteristics of participants in the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program.

Methods: The Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program is a cluster randomized controlled trial of lifestyle intervention for prevention of Type 2 diabetes mellitus in India. Participants in the study were those aged 30-60 years who had an Indian Diabetes Risk Score ≥ 60 and who were without Type 2 diabetes on oral glucose tolerance test.