Mutations and Co-Mutations in Operated Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma.

Understanding mutations and co-mutations in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is critical to developing personalized treatment strategies. Therefore, this study aims to investigate mutations and the accompanying somatic variations in NSCLC. This retrospective study included 98 patients over 18 years of age who were diagnosed with NSCLC, operated on, and referred to the Molecular Pathology Laboratory between January 2019 and June 2024 for next-generation sequencing panel tests and FISH analysis.

Microsatellite instability and somatic gene variant profile in solid organ tumors.

Introduction: Absence of mismatch repair (MMR) genes in tumor cells or errors in the replication repair process may lead to DNA-MMR deficiency and microsatellite instability (MSI) formation. Specific tumor environments where gene variations are observed are believed to be conducive to the formation of MSI. This study aimed to determine the MSI status, MMR protein expression, and somatic mutation profile in solid organ tumors.

Whey proteins from camel's milk have higher in vitro wound-healing effect than whey proteins from cow's milk.

Background: The effectiveness of whey obtained by either enzyme (sweet) or acid treatment on wound healing remains unclear. This study investigated the effectiveness of camel and bovine whey prepared enzymatically (CSW and BSW) or by pH reduction (CAW and BAW). After removing the cream from milk, HCl or rennet was used to remove casein, resulting in acid or sweet whey, respectively, followed by lactose removal using dialysis.

The NF1 gene mutations and co-mutations in lung adenocarcinomas with brain metastasis.

Background: The co-occurrence of lung adenocarcinoma and brain metastasis remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality despite advancements in cancer treatment. The activity of neurofibromin, the product of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 gene (NF1), is crucial in regulating the RAS/MAPK pathway. The NF1 somatic mutations are significant in conditions such as melanoma, lung cancer, breast cancer, neuroblastoma, and central nervous system tumors.

Variation Analysis in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Cases.

Menopausal status affects the prognoses and consequences of breast cancer. Therefore, this retrospective study aimed to reveal the molecular variation profile differences in breast cancer patients according to their menopausal status, with the hypothesis that the molecular variation profiles will be different at premenopausal and postmenopausal ages. Breast cancer patients ( = 254) who underwent molecular subtyping and QIAseq Human Breast Cancer NGS Panel screening between 2018 and 2022 were evaluated retrospectively.

An effective treatment approach of liposomally encapsulated metformin in colon cancer.

Metformin is a drug that is widely used in the treatment of type-2 diabetes and its anticarcinogenic effect has been detected in many studies since the 2000s. Metformin has a short half-life and poor biocompatibility, which limits the activity of the drug. As a solution to this situation, our study aimed to increase the anticarcinogenic effects and reduce the side effects of metformin in colon cancer by liposomal encapsulation.

Evaluation of New Generation Sequencing (NGS)-Based Somatic Gene Variations and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-Based Gene Fusions in Elderly and Young Acute Leukemia Patients: A Retrospective View.

Malignant diseases occurring in elderly patients follow a different course from younger patients and show different genetic structures. Therefore, in this retrospective study, the somatic gene variant profile and fusion gene profiles of elderly and young acute leukemia patients were determined to draw attention to the existing genetic difference, and the results were compared. In this study, the records of 204 acute leukemia patients aged 18+ who were referred to the Molecular Pathology Laboratory from the Hematology Clinic between 2018 and 2022 were reviewed retrospectively.

Association between chronic tinnitus and brain-derived neurotrophic factor antisense RNA polymorphisms linked to the Val66Met polymorphism in BDNF.

Tinnitus is the sound heard in the ear or head of a person in the absence of external stimuli. Its etiopathogenesis is still not fully understood and the etiological causes responsible for tinnitus are quite variable. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the key neurotrophic factors in the growth, differentiation, and survival of neurons and in the developing auditory pathway, including the inner ear sensory epithelium.

Chronic tinnitus and BDNF/GDNF CpG promoter methylations: a case-control study.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) are neurotrophic factors that play key roles in the auditory pathway. While the relationship between serum levels and polymorphisms of BDNF/GDNF and chronic tinnitus is emphasized in the literature, there is no study showing the link between the promoter methylations of these genes and tinnitus. For this purpose, the relationship between chronic tinnitus and peripheral blood derived BDNF/GDNF promoter methylations was investigated to identify their role in the pathophysiology of tinnitus.

Boron intake, osteocalcin polymorphism and serum level in postmenopausal osteoporosis.

The relationship between daily boron intake and osteocalcin-mediated osteoporosis was studied in boron-exposed postmenopausal women. It is known that boron and osteocalcin are important in bone metabolism, however the effect of boron in bone metabolism has not been fully discovered. The study was performed on 53 postmenopausal women aged 55-60 living in parts of Balikesir, Turkey, where the subjects are naturally exposed to high (≥1 mg/L) or low (<1 mg/L) boron concentration in drinking water.

Selection of a Novel Aptamer Against Vitronectin Using Capillary Electrophoresis and Next Generation Sequencing.

Breast cancer (BC) results in ~40,000 deaths each year in the United States and even among survivors treatment of the disease may have devastating consequences, including increased risk for heart disease and cognitive impairment resulting from the toxic effects of chemotherapy. Aptamer-mediated drug delivery can contribute to improved treatment outcomes through the selective delivery of chemotherapy to BC cells, provided suitable cancer-specific antigens can be identified. We report here the use of capillary electrophoresis in conjunction with next generation sequencing to develop the first vitronectin (VN) binding aptamer (VBA-01; Kd 405 nmol/l, the first aptamer to vitronectin (VN; K = 405 nmol/l) , a protein that plays an important role in wound healing and that is present at elevated levels in BC tissue and in the blood of BC patients relative to the corresponding nonmalignant tissues.

The cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic activities of the novel fluoropyrimidine F10 towards prostate cancer cells are enhanced by Zn(2+) -chelation and inhibiting the serine protease Omi/HtrA2.

Background: Intracellular Zn(2+) levels decrease during prostate cancer progression and agents that modulate intracellular Zn(2+) are cytotoxic to prostate cancer cells by an incompletely described mechanism. F10 is a new polymeric fluoropyrimidine drug-candidate that displays strong activity with minimal systemic toxicity in pre-clinical models of prostate cancer and other malignancies. The effects of exogenous Zn(2+) or Zn(2+) chelation for enhancing F10 cytotoxicity are investigated as is the role of Omi/HtrA2, a serine protease that promotes apoptosis in response to cellular stress.

Dimeric DNA Aptamer Complexes for High-capacity-targeted Drug Delivery Using pH-sensitive Covalent Linkages.

Treatment with doxorubicin (Dox) results in serious systemic toxicities that limit effectiveness for cancer treatment and cause long-term health issues for cancer patients. We identified a new DNA aptamer to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) using fixed sequences to promote Dox binding and developed dimeric aptamer complexes (DACs) for specific delivery of Dox to PSMA(+) cancer cells. DACs are stable under physiological conditions and are internalized specifically into PSMA(+) C4-2 cells with minimal uptake into PSMA-null PC3 cells.

Biocontrol of Escherichia coli O157: H7 on fresh-cut leafy greens.

The effect of a bacteriophage cocktail (EcoShield™) that is specific against O157:H7 was evaluated against a nalidixic acid-resistant enterohemorrhagic O157:H7 RM4407 (EHEC) strain on leafy greens stored under either (1) ambient air or (2) modified atmosphere (MA; 5% O/35% CO/60% N). Pieces (~2 × 2 cm) of leafy greens (lettuce and spinach) inoculated with 4.5 log CFU/cm EHEC were sprayed with EcoShield™ (6.