Biochemical Effects of the Toxic Interaction of Copper, Lead and Cadmium on Clarias gariepinus.

Background: The presence of heavy metals in the aquatic environment is a concern because of potential toxicity and threats to plant and animal life.

Objective: The present study evaluated the joint action toxicity and biochemical effects of sublethal concentrations of copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) against Clarias gariepinus over a period of 28 days.

Methods: We procured fingerlings (weight: 5-8 g; length: 4.