IV Brazilian Consensus on Rhinitis - an update on allergic rhinitis.

Introduction: The guidelines on allergic rhinitis aim to update knowledge about the disease and care for affected patients. The initiative called "Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma", initially published in 2001 and updated in 2008 and 2010, has been very successful in disseminating information and evidence, as well as providing a classification of severity and proposing a systemized treatment protocol. In order to include the participation of other medical professionals in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, it is important to develop algorithms that accurately indicate what should and can be done regionally.

Position statement of the Brazilian Academy of Rhinology on the use of antihistamines, antileukotrienes, and oral corticosteroids in the treatment of inflammatory sinonasal diseases.

Introduction: Inflammatory conditions of the nose and paranasal sinuses are very prevalent in the general population, resulting in marked loss of quality of life in affected patients, as well as significant work, leisure, and social activity losses. These patients require specific and specialized treatment. A wide range of oral medications are available.

Brazilian Academy of Rhinology position paper on topical intranasal therapy.

This documents aims at educating those who treat sinonasal diseases - both general practitioners and specialists - about topical nasal treatments. By means of scientific evidence reviews, the Brazilian Academy of Rhinology provides its practical and updated guidelines on the most utilized topical nasal medication, except for the drugs that have topical antibiotics in their formulas.

Acoustic rhinometry: impact of external nasal dilator on the two first notches of the rhinogram.

Background: Acoustic rhinometry is more accurate in the anterior portion of the nasal cavities, from the nostril to the nasal valve (NV), the most important site of nasal obstruction. Literature presents different opinions regarding the anatomical correlation of the two notches at the beginning of the rhinogram curve in normal adult white individuals. The aim of this study was to present new data for a better understanding of the anatomic correlation of these two notches.

Futura study: evaluation of efficacy and safety of rupatadine fumarate in the treatment of persistent allergic rhinitis.

Unlabelled: Allergic rhinitis affects 10-30% of the population, negatively impacting one's quality of life and productivity. It has been associated with sinusitis, otitis media, sleep disorders, and asthma. Rupatadine is a second generation antihistamine with increased affinity to histamine receptor H1; it is also a potent PAF (platelet-activating factor) antagonist.

Allergic rhinitis in the child and associated comorbidities.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) typically presents after the second year of life, but the exact prevalence in early life is unknown. AR affects 10-30% of the population, with the greatest frequency found in children and adolescents. It appears that the prevalence has increased in the pediatric population.

Nasal valve: anatomy and physiology.

Unlabelled: The anterior portion of the nasal cavities, from the nostril to the nasal valve (NV), is the place of highest nasal resistance to airflow, paramount to nasal physiology. There are different terminologies for the same anatomic structures in the literature.

Aim: The aim of this paper was to study the NV function and define clearly the structures of the anterior portion of the nasal cavities, mainly the region of the NV.

Functional alterations of the stomatognathic system in patients with allergic rhinitis: case-control study.

Unlabelled: Mouth breathing can cause structural and functional alterations to the stomatognathic system.

Aim: The aim of this investigation was to study breathing, chewing, swallowing and speaking alterations present in patients with allergic rhinitis and associate it to rhinitis symptom intensity.

Materials And Methods: 170 patients between the ages of 6 and 55 years were prospectively evaluated in this study, all of them underwent both otorhinolaryngological and speech evaluation.

Methods for studying mucociliary transport.

Unlabelled: Mucociliary transport dysfunctions can impair the quality of life of patients suffering from chronic rhinossinusitis and lead to severe consequences such as alterations in respiratory physiology or even death as in cases of cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the physiology of the mucociliary apparatus and how its components (cilia, mucus-periciliary layer and its interaction) affect the clearance of respiratory secretions.

Aims: This paper aims to review and to discuss different techniques for studying mucociliary transport and their clinical and experimental applicability.

Evaluation of Brazilian web site information on allergic rhinitis.

Unlabelled: Nowadays, the World Wide Web (Internet) is an information source for non-experts and physicians.

Aim: To evaluate, based on ethical principles, Brazilian web sites information about "allergic rhinitis". Allergic rhinitis is a very common disease, effecting more than 10% of the general population, leading to decrease in quality of life.

Acoustic rhinometry: anatomic correlation of the first two notches found in the nasal echogram.

Unlabelled: The graphic obtained by acoustic rhinometry in Caucasian adult individuals with no nasal affections clearly shows two notches at the beginning of the nasal echogram. However, there are controversies in the literature concerning their anatomic correlation.

Aim: The aim of this study was to obtain data that would contribute to the anatomic correlation of these two notches.

The role of rhinitis in chronic otitis media.

Objective: We investigated the role of allergic rhinitis in chronic otitis media (otitis media with effusion [OME] and chronic perforation of the tympanic membrane) in São Paulo, Brazil and whether there is any association between these diseases.

Study Design And Setting: We studied 51 patients followed in the otologic group of the Otorhinolaryngology Division of the University of São Paulo Hospital. The patients were divided into 3 groups: allergic rhinitis, nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophils syndrome (NARES), and patients with types of rhinitis or without rhinitis.