Atmospheric corrosion and impact toughness of steels: Case study in steels with and without galvanizing, exposed for 3 years in Rapa Nui Island.

We studied atmospheric corrosion on Rapa Nui Island, using galvanized and non-galvanized SAE 1020 steel samples exposed on racks. We also added Charpy samples of both materials to directly determine the effect of corrosion rate on these materials' impact toughness. The results indicated a correlation between corrosion rate and toughness loss in the studied materials.

Musculoskeletal Disorders and Quality of Life in Chilean Teachers: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Teaching professionals have reported multiple conditions associated with low quality of life (QoL) perception. Various studies have also reported high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). In this context, there are few studies regarding the association between low QoL perception and MSD suffering in teachers.

Elevator muscle of the tendon of latissimus dorsi muscle.

Muscular dispositions in the axilla acquire importance under certain surgical procedures that involve the axillary artery ligature. These supernumerary muscles make the approach to the axillary fossa and their content difficult. We dissected 108 formalized corpses from adult male individuals.

Origins of the dorsal metatarsal arteries in humans.

The foot is indispensable for man's daily activities and the integrity of its structure depends on its irrigation. The number of bypass operations for its arteries therefore increases as well as the use of vascularised flaps to cover defects in its dorsal region. To find out more details about the irrigation of the dorsum of foot, the formation of dorsal metatarsal arteries (DMA) was examined in 50 feet of 25 fixed cadavers of Brazilian adults of both sexes.

Innervation of the abductor digiti minimi muscle of the human foot: anatomical basis of the entrapment of the abductor digiti minimi nerve.

The origin, relationships and innervation of the abductor digiti minimi muscle were determined in 145 human feet, from formaldehyde-fixed cadavers. The muscle arises from both processes of the calcaneal tuberosity, from the plantar aponeurosis and from the septum which separates it from the flexor digitorum brevis muscle. The nerve to the abductor digiti minimi muscle arises next to the origin of the lateral plantar nerve, close to the abductor hallucis muscle, and descends becoming closely related to the medial face of the calcaneus and the deep face of the abductor hallucis muscle.

The deep plantar arch in humans: constitution and topography.

The integrity of the various structures within the feet depends on their blood supply. Lesions of the feet often require revascularization, which if successful avoids the need for amputation. To provide greater anatomical detail to aid vascular surgery and imaging, the anatomy and constitution of the deep plantar arch was studied in 50 adult cadaveric feet.

Biometric study of the relationships between palmar neurovascular structures, the flexor retinaculum and the distal wrist crease.

During surgical exposure of the carpal tunnel it is possible to injure the neurovascular structures closely related to the flexor retinaculum, such as the superficial palmar arch and the communicating branch between the ulnar and median nerves. Because of the importance of these structures and with the purpose of increasing knowledge of anatomical details concerning to their location, a biometric study was performed on the retinaculum and the communicating branch, and between the communicating branch and the distal wrist crease, as well as between the retinaculum and the superficial palmar arch. We dissected 56 hands from 28 Brazilian formalin-preserved cadavers of both sexes (24 male) at the Federal University of São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, Brazil.

Deep palmar arch patterns in Brazilian individuals.

The deep palmar arch is very important in the blood supply to the hand. Consequently, the radial artery and the deep palmar arch were studied in 60 hands from 30 cadavers of adult Brazilian individuals, of both sexes. The cadavers belong to the Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.

A biometric study on the relationships between the deep palmar arch and the superficial palmar arch, the distal wrist and palmar creases.

The topographical localisation of the palmar arches is important in hand surgery. The aim of this study was to contribute with biometric data on their positions and to correlate this with the size od the palm. We studied 60 hands of 30 adult fixed cadavers, of Brazilian origin, from both sexes and between the ages of 21 and 70 years.

Abnormal disposition of a branch of the ulnar nerve in the flexor retinaculum.

The most frequent disposition of the structures within the ulnar tunnel is for the ulnar nerve to be located medial or posteromedial to the ulnar artery. The structures within the ulnar tunnel are closely related to the medial part of the flexor retinaculum. Lesions of the ulnar nerve and artery during endoscopic decompression of the carpal tunnel have been reported (Agee et al.

Perforating branches: important contribution to the formation of the dorsal metacarpal arteries.

The perforating branches that originate from the deep palmar arch of the hand have been studied to provide a complete anatomical description of these vessels and assess their importance in the blood collateral pathway of the hand. We injected latex into the arteries of 50 cadaveric hands of 25 adults, of both sexes, all of Brazilian origin. These were dissected under a stereoscopic microscope.

The ulnar tunnel: a rare disposition of its contents.

The ulnar tunnel is located at the proximal part of the hand radial to the pisiform bone and to the proximal part of the carpal tunnel. Inside it lie the ulnar nerve and artery. Compression of the ulnar nerve in this tunnel is often reported.

Median artery and superficial palmar branch of the radial artery in the carpal tunnel.

In the carpal tunnel there are the flexor muscle tendons, their sheaths, and the median nerve. Because its walls are inflexible, any thickening of its components that reduce its area may compress the median nerve. There are many reasons for nerve compression, including persistence of the median artery into adult life.

Anatomical relationships between the deep palmar arch and the deep branch of the ulnar nerve.

The relationship between the deep palmar arch (DPA) and the deep branch of the ulnar nerve (dbUN) was analysed in 60 hands from 30 formaldehyde treated cadavers of adult individuals, of both sexes, with age ranging from 21 to 70 years, in the Division of Descriptive and Topographic Anatomy of the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP). The arteries were injected with neoprene latex and dissections were performed under a magnifying glass. DPA was ventral to dbUN in 50% of the cases (type I) and dorsal in 45% (type).

Abnormal extrapelvic course of the inferior gluteal artery.

At its extrapelvic course the inferior gluteal a. is found to be strictly related to the sciatic n. This relationship has been described in a general way, emphasizing its medial localization in respect to the nerve.

Morphometric studies of the muscular branch of the median nerve.

The branch from the median nerve to the thenar muscles has a proximal and lateral (recurrent) course and is vulnerable to lesions that affect these muscles. Because of its anatomical-clinical importance, this branch was studied in 60 palmar regions from 30 cadavers of adult individuals of both sexes, aged between 23 and 77 y. It arose from the lateral branch of the median nerve in 83.

Abnormal course of the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery.

The structures in the carpal tunnel are the flexor muscle tendons and their sheaths and the median n. Due to the inflexibility of its walls, any swelling of its contents that produces decrease of its volume, may compress the median n. There are many possible causes of nerve compression, such as the presence of arteries in this tunnel [3, 13].

Distribution patterns of the muscular branch of the median nerve in the thenar region.

Studies on the distribution patterns of the muscular branch of the median nerve to the thenar muscles are scarce. Available accounts give only general descriptions. To establish the distribution pattern more precisely, we dissected 60 palmar regions from 30 cadavers of adult individuals, ranging in age from 23 to 77 y.