Depletion of hepatic glutathione and adenosine by glucocorticoid exposure in Wistar rats is pregnancy-independent.

Liver diseases have gained increasing attention due to their substantial impact on health, independently as well as in association with cardio-metabolic disorders. Studies have suggested that glutathione and adenosine assist in providing protection against oxidative stress and inflammation while glucocorticoid (GC) therapy has been associated with chronic inflammatory disorders, even in pregnancy. The implications of Glucocorticoid exposure on maternal health and fetal growth is a concern, however, the possible role of glutathione and adenosine has not been thoroughly investigated.

Corrosion of food grinding discs in gastro-intestinal environment.

The need for food size reduction before consumption has led to the use of motorized grinding machine which operates on energized rubbing of two grooved cast-iron discs, and this unintentionally results in tribological degradation and corrosion of grinding discs into the ground food. The objective of this study was to carry out an assessment of corrosion susceptibility of grinding discs from different manufacturing methods in simulated gastro-intestinal environment. Six grinding discs from three states in Nigeria were selected for this study, based on manufacturing methods namely: rotary, cupola, and pit furnaces.

Acetate-mediated-obestatin modulation attenuates adipose-hepatic dysmetabolism in high fat diet-induced obese rat model.

Purpose: Approximately 650 million of world adult population is affected by obesity, which is characterized by adipose and hepatic metabolic dysfunction. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been linked to improved metabolic profile. However, the effect of SCFAs, particularly acetate on adipose-hepatic dysfunction is unclear.

Sildenafil ameliorates leptin resistance and normalizes lipid handling in the hypothalamic and adipose tissues of testosterone-exposed pregnant rats.

Leptin and hypothalamic-adipose lipid handling are relevant in determining the shift of metabolic activities. There are scanty findings connecting glucose dysregulation as a result of hyperandrogenism during gestation to hypothalamic-adipose axis and leptin resistance. Sildenafil has recently gained attention in the prevention of intra-uterine growth restriction.

Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 averts free fatty acids deposition in the hearts of oral estrogen-progestin contraceptive-induced hyperinsulinemic female rats.

Free fatty acid (FFA) deposition in non-adipose tissues such as the heart is a characteristic of insulin resistant states which feature hyperinsulinemia and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) activation. Estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives (OC) treatment reportedly increased DPP-4 activity in rat tissue, and DPP-4 inhibitors have anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to investigate the effects of DPP-4 inhibition on cardiac FFA deposition in estrogen-progestin-treated female rats.

Suppression of Adenosine Deaminase and Xanthine Oxidase Activities by Mineralocorticoid and Glucocorticoid Receptor Blockades Restores Renal Antioxidative Barrier in Oral Contraceptive-Treated Dam.

Objective: We tested the hypothesis that postpartum combined oral contraceptive (COC) treatment would induce oxidative stress via the adenosine deaminase-xanthine oxidase pathway in the kidney. We also sought to determine whether mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) or glucocorticoid receptor (GR ) blockade would suppress the activities of ADA and xanthine oxidase caused by postpartum COC treatment in the kidney.

Methods: Twenty-four Wistar dams were randomly assigned to 4 groups ( = 6/group).

Sildenafil augments fetal weight and placental adiponectin in gestational testosterone-induced glucose intolerant rats.

Testosterone induces intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) with maternal glucose dysregulation and oxidant release in various tissues. Adiponectin, which modulates the antioxidant nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling is expressed in the placenta and affects fetal growth. Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i), used mainly in erectile dysfunction has been widely studied as a plausible pharmacologic candidate in IUGR.

Effect of sodium acetate on serum activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in -infected mice.

Malaria is a global health problem with severe morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Resistance of spp to the current anti-malaria drugs necessitates further search for novel effective drugs. This study, therefore, investigated the effect of sodium acetate on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in -infected mice.

Sodium acetate ameliorated systemic and renal oxidative stress in high-fructose insulin-resistant pregnant Wistar rats.

Pregnancy is an insulin-resistant condition especially at near term predisposing maternal kidneys to hyperinsulinemia-induced oxidative stress. The impact of fructose on renal metabolic dysregulation and oxidative stress in pregnancy requires elucidation. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are known for protective roles in oxidative stress conditions.

Rescue effect of sodium acetate in diabetes mellitus-associated testicular dysfunction is accompanied by PCSK9 modulation.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health burden, affecting about 463 million of the adult population worldwide. Approximately 94% of diabetic male individuals develop varying degrees of testicular disorders (TDs), which usually result in hypogonadism, hypotestosteronemia and defective spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have shown potential benefits in metabolic health.

Treatment with acetate during late pregnancy protects dams against testosterone-induced renal dysfunction.

Cardiometabolic diseases are complicated by renal damage. Gestational hyperandrogenism causes gestational metabolic dysfunction that is associated with fetal and maternal tissue derangements as well as post-partum maternal androgen excess. Acetate (Ace) conferred hepatoprotection in pregnant rats exposed to excess testosterone .

Acetate causes renoprotection like androgen and mineralocorticoid receptors blockade in testosterone-exposed pregnant rats.

The kidney plays a critical role in human health and deviation from its normal function can lead to severe morbidity and mortality. Exposure to excess testosterone in women has been linked to several disorders, including kidney disorder and acting undoubtedly through androgen receptor (AR), whereas the involvement of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is unclear. Likewise, the renal effect of sodium acetate (SAc) during late gestational exposure to testosterone is not well known.

Oral L-glutamine rescues fructose-induced poor fetal outcome by preventing placental triglyceride and uric acid accumulation in Wistar rats.

Background: Metabolic adaptation of pregnant mothers is crucial for placental development and fetal growth/survival. However, evidence exists that indiscriminate consumption of fructose-enriched drink (FED) during pregnancy disrupts maternal-fetal metabolic tolerance with attendant adverse fetal outcomes. Glutamine supplementation (GLN) has been shown to exert a modulatory effect in metabolic disorders.

Assessment of Ventricular Repolarization in Sickle Cell Anemia Patients: The Role of QTc Interval, Tp-e Interval and Tp-e/QTc Ratio and Its Gender Implication.

Background: Many specific and non-specific electrocardiographic abnormalities including ventricular arrhythmias have been reported in subjects with sickle cell anemia (SCA). In SCA patients, cardiac electrical abnormalities may be the leading cause of increased risk of arrhythmias. The corrected QT (QTc) interval, peak to the end of the T wave (Tp-e) interval and associated Tp-e/QTc ratio are promising measures of altered ventricular repolarization and increased arrhythmogenesis risk.

Sodium butyrate arrests pancreato-hepatic synchronous uric acid and lipid dysmetabolism in high fat diet fed Wistar rats.

High fat diet (HFD) is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome which is characterized by overt glucose dysmetabolism and tissue derangement. The liver and pancreas are important metabolic tissues with anatomical proximity sharing splanchnic and mesenteric circulation but it is unclear whether, there is an associated metabolic status between the two organs in health and disease. Uric acid (UA) hypersecretion and ectopic lipid accumulation are characteristic pathophysiology of an array of non-communicable diseases.

Suppression of uric acid and lactate production by sodium acetate ameliorates hepatic triglyceride accumulation in fructose-insulin resistant pregnant rats.

High fructose intake has been associated with perturbed lipid, uric acid and lactate homeostasis. However, consumption of fructose-sweetened beverages is not usually regulated during pregnancy. The effect of short-chain fatty acid (acetate) on the metabolic effects of high fructose intake during pregnancy is not known.

Dexamethasone increases renal free fatty acids and xanthine oxidase activity in female rats: could there be any gestational impact?

Dexamethasone (DEX) is used for various conditions in female and even during pregnancy. We tested the hypothesis that DEX exposure in female rats would lead to renal free fatty acid (FFA) accumulation with elevated xanthine oxidase (XO) activity that would be aggravated by pregnancy. Twenty-four female rats (n = 6/group) were randomly assigned to non-pregnant (NPR), DEX-exposed non-pregnant (NPR + DEX), pregnant (PRE) and DEX-exposed pregnant (PRE + DEX), respectively.

Estrogen-progestin oral contraceptive and nicotine exposure synergistically confers cardio-renoprotection in female Wistar rats.

Approximately fifty percent of premenopausal women who smoke cigarettes or on nicotine replacement therapy are also on hormonal contraceptives, especially oral estrogen-progestin. Oral estrogen-progestin therapy has been reported to promote insulin resistance (IR) which causes lipid influx into non-adipose tissue and impairs Na/K -ATPase activity, especially in the heart and kidney. However, the effects of nicotine on excess lipid and altered Na/K -ATPase activity associated with the use of estrogen-progestin therapy have not been fully elucidated.

Allopurinol and valproic acid improve cardiac triglyceride and Na-K-ATPase activity independent of circulating aldosterone in female rats with glucose intolerance.

Studies have shown that cardiac triglyceride accumulation and impaired Na-K-ATPase activity are linked to diabetes- related cardiovascular disease, particularly in women. We hypothesised that allopurinol (ALL) and valproic acid (VPA) treatment would improve cardiac triglyceride and Na-K-ATPase activity independent of circulating aldosterone in Combined Oral Contraceptive (COC)-induced dysglycemia Rats received COC (1.0 μg ethinylestradiol and 5.

Oral L-glutamine restores adenosine and glutathione content in the skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of insulin-resistant pregnant rats.

Objectives: Mishandling of lipid and glycogen has been documented as a feature of metabolic tissues in insulin resistance-related disorders. However, reports exist detailing that L-glutamine (GLN) protects non-adipose tissue against the deleterious effects of metabolic disorders. Therefore, we hypothesized that GLN would protect skeletal muscle and adipose tissue against the deleterious effects of lipid and glycogen mishandlings by increasing adenosine and glutathione levels in pregnant rats exposed to fructose (FRU)-enriched drinks.

L-glutamine ameliorates adipose-hepatic dysmetabolism in OC-treated female rats.

Adipose dysfunction and inflammation with or without hepatic defects underlie metabolic obesity. Glutamine (GLU) improves glucoregulation and metabolic indices but its effects on adipose function and hepatic lipid deposition in estrogen-progestin oral contraceptive (EPOC) users are unknown. Therefore, we hypothesized that GLUT supplementation would protect against adipose dysfunction and excess hepatic lipid influx and deposition in EPOC-treated animals by suppressing adenosine deaminase/xanthine oxidase (ADA/XO) activity and improving glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-dependent antioxidant defense.

Dexamethasone causes defective glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase dependent antioxidant barrier through endoglin in pregnant and nonpregnant rats.

Glucocorticoid therapy has been associated with adverse cardiometabolic effects during pregnancy. Inflammation-mediated cardiac dysfunction, an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality, has been linked to defective glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) dependent antioxidant defenses and increased endoglin expression. We therefore sought to investigate the effects of dexamethasone (DEX) on cardiac endoglin and G6PD-dependent antioxidant defense.

Suppression of HDAC by sodium acetate rectifies cardiac metabolic disturbance in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats.

Unlabelled: Diabetes mellitus, particularly type 2 occurs at global epidemic proportions and leads to cardiovascular diseases. Molecular studies suggest the involvement of epigenetic alterations such as histone code modification in the progression of cardiometabolic disorders. However, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are recognized as epigenetic modulators by their histone deacetylase inhibitory property.