Common mental disorders among subjects with T2DM in Sagamu, Nigeria.

Background: Psychological disorders are common in diabetes mellitus with associated increased adverse disease outcome, economic burden on patient and family and poor quality of life. Psychological well being among T2DM patients has been poorly evaluated in Nigeria.

Objective: The study set out to determine the prevalence and pattern of psychological disorders of Anxiety and Depression as well as evaluate the relationship between psychological well being and diabetes related factors in our diabetic population.

Detection of mental disorders with the Patient Health Questionnaire in primary care settings in Nigeria.

Mental disorders lead to difficulties in social, occupational and marital relations. Failure to detect mental disorder denies patients potentially effective treatment. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and nature of mental disorders at the primary care settings and the recognition of these disorders by the attending physicians.

Stigmatising attitude of medical students towards a psychiatry label.

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a psychiatric label attached to an apparently normal person on the attitude of final year medical students at a Nigerian university.

Methods: A questionnaire with sections on demographic information, a single-paragraph case description illustrating a normal person, a social distance scale and questions on expected burden was used to elicit responses from 144 final year medical students who have had previous exposure to psychiatric posting. The students consisted of two randomly assigned groups; group A received a case description with a psychiatric label attached while group B received the same case description but without a psychiatric label.

A comparative study of HIV/AIDS: the knowledge, attitudes, and risk behaviors of schizophrenic and diabetic patients in regard to HIV/AIDS in Nigeria.

Context: Studies on knowledge and risk behaviors related to HIV/AIDS reported from developed countries have shown that people with psychiatric disorders constitute a special risk group. In Nigeria, although similar studies have been conducted on various population groups, there has, so far, been no reported study on people suffering from psychiatric disorders.

Objective: The present study set out to compare knowledge, attitudes, and risk behaviors related to HIV/AIDS among schizophrenic patients and diabetic patients.

The quality of interactions between staff and psychiatric inpatients in a Nigerian general hospital.

We examined the quality of the staff's interactions with patients, and its relationship with ward structure, patients' satisfaction and outcome. The Quality of Interactions Schedule was used to observe interactions with patients in two acute admission wards. In 40 h, 101 interactions were observed; 60.

Patient and staff satisfaction with the quality of in-patient psychiatric care in a Nigerian general hospital.

Background: Patient satisfaction has been proposed as a simple measure of the quality of care. The present study aimed to assess how satisfied the patients and staff in an acute admission psychiatric unit were with experiences in the ward, including the physical environment, freedom, comfort, attitudes of staff towards patients, access to staff, and duration of hospitalization.

Method: A descriptive study of all patients admitted for functional psychiatric disorders in a 5-month period was conducted.

Culture and child psychiatric disorders. A Nigerian perspective.

This article has reviewed some critical aspects of the sociocultural framework informing the life and health of Nigerian children and adolescents. Expectations on individual and social functioning and on the role of extended families have been highlighted. Cultural influences on the manner and circumstances of assessing health problems and on development, presentation, and course of child psychiatric disorders have been outlined.

Sex differences in the prevalence and detection of depressive and anxiety disorders in general health care settings: report from the World Health Organization Collaborative Study on Psychological Problems in General Health Care.

Background: Understanding the relevance of biological and social factors to sex differences in the prevalence and detection of depressive and anxiety disorders has been impaired by the lack of standardized research methods across cultures.

Method: Prevalence rates of depressive and anxiety disorders were assessed using a 2-stage design from 26,969 patients attending for primary care in 15 centers from 4 continents. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine sex differences in prevalence and detection across centers.

On the expression of psychosis in different cultures: schizophrenia in an Indian and in a Nigerian community.

This sub-study of the WHO Determinants of Outcome of Severe Mental Disorders research project was aimed at characterizing the behavioral and expressive qualities of schizophrenia in two highly diverse cultures. Early research has indicated that the core elements involving affect, perceptual and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia are highly similar in form in most cultures of the world. Much of the cross-cultural literature emphasizes, however, strong differences in the ways in which schizophrenia is actually expressed and manifested in different settings.

Stressful life events preceding the acute onset of schizophrenia: a cross-national study from the World Health Organization.

This study reports on the findings from a WHO sponsored cross-national investigation of life events and schizophrenia. Data are presented from a series of 386 acutely ill schizophrenic patients selected from nine field research centers located in developing and developed countries (Aarhus, Denmark; Agra, India; Cali, Colombia; Chandigarh, India; Honolulu, USA; Ibadan, Nigeria; Nagasaki, Japan; Prague, Czechoslovakia; Rochester, USA). On a methodological level, the study demonstrates that life event methodologies originating in the developed countries can be adapted for international studies and may be used to collect reasonably reliable and comparable cross-cultural data on psychosocial factors affecting the course of schizophrenic disorders.

Knowledge and technology needed for further development of mental health programmes.

Different preventive approaches of mental and neurological disorders are discussed. Special emphasis has been put on the advances of biological research in the elucidation of aetiological and pathogenic mechanisms of major psychoses, such as schizophrenia and affective disorders. Perspectives of genetic and psychopharmacological research are emphasized.

Perspectives in the treatment of mental disorders in developing countries: Africa.

1. Although many parts of Africa are "catching up" with the technological advances of the developed world in many spheres, including medical practice, traditional forms of treatment conspicuously exist side by side with orthodox treatment. 2.

Some socio-psychiatric attributes of patients utilizing the facilities of the traditional healers in the city of Ibadan.

The socio-psychiatric attributes of 103 patients found with the traditional healers in the city of Ibadan, Nigeria are reported. The patients were from all shades of educational and social status. Almost all their in-patients were psychotics while the neurotics were treated as outpatients.

The effects of psychotropic drugs in different populations.

Although psychotropic drugs are known to be effective in all populations, the known differences in terms of health and disease in different parts of the world have not been related to the effectiveness of such drugs. Nutritional/metabolic, genetic, cultural, and ecological/climatic factors that could be important in this respect are discussed. The benefits that could accrue from a knowledge of proper drug dosage, namely, fewer side effects and reduction in cost, particularly for developing countries, are highlighted.

Community psyciatry in Nigeria--the current status.

Over a period of 50 months, 512 psychiatric patients were treated in the Aro Village therapeutic community. The majority of those admitted (94.1%) had symptoms of psychosis.

Behaviour therapy as an adjunct to treatment of systematized delusion-a case report.

Systematized delusion can sometimes be very difficult to treat. In the present case of identity confusion in a single girl, operant conditioning technique was employed when physical and other forms of psychological treatment had failed. The patient's system of delusion was dissolved and she remained symptom free 12 months after discharge.

Electroconvulsive therapy in Ibadan.

An analysis of the result of administering electroconvulsive therapy (E.C.T.