Roles of Adenosine Receptor (subtypes A and A) in Cuprizone-Induced Hippocampal Demyelination.

Hippocampal demyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been linked with cognitive deficits, however, patients could benefit from treatment that induces oligodendroglial cell function and promotes remyelination. We investigated the role of A and A adenosine receptors (AR) in regulating oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and myelinating oligodendrocyte (OL) in the demyelinated hippocampus using the cuprizone model of MS. Spatial learning and memory were assessed in wild type C57BL/6 mice (WT) or C57BL/6 mice with global deletion of A (AAR-/-) or A AR (AAR-/-) fed standard or cuprizone diet (CD) for four weeks.

Leaf extract of ameliorates biomarkers of neuroinflammation, memory loss, and neurobehavioral deficit in N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) treated rats.

Purpose: commonly known as Cashew is a plant that is widely used in African traditional medicine. It is endowed with phytochemical constituents that are responsible for its medicinal properties.

Methods: Twenty-five male Wistar rats were grouped as follows: Control (Group A), Group B (L-NAME 40 mg/kg), Group C (100 mg/kg extract plus 40 mg/kg L-NAME), Group D (200 mg/kg extract plus 40 mg/kg L-NAME) and Group E (10 mg/kg of Lisinopril plus 40 mg/kg L-NAME).

Gallic and ascorbic acids supplementation alleviate cognitive deficits and neuropathological damage exerted by cadmium chloride in Wistar rats.

Cadmium is a highly neurotoxic heavy metal that interferes with DNA repair mechanisms via generation of reactive oxygen species. The potentials of polyphenols and antioxidants as effective protective agents following heavy metal-induced neurotoxicity are emerging. We therefore explored the neuroprotective potentials of gallic and ascorbic acids in CdCl-induced neurotoxicity.

High Environmental Temperature: Insights into Behavioural, Neurodevelopmental and Gut Microbiome Changes Following Gestational Exposure in Rats.

Adverse effects of changing climate have been associated with increase average global temperature resulting in environmental changes. We set out to investigate effects of environmental stress due to increased heat exposure on developmental milestones, behaviour, gut microbiota and neuroarchitecture in rat pups. Pregnant Wistar rats were held in standard temperature (ST) (26 ± 2 °C; control) or high temperature (HT) (40 ± 2 °C) housing.

Neurotoxicity and Behavioral Alterations Following Subchronic Administration of Aqueous Extract of Erythrophleum Ivorense Stem Bark in Mice.

Introduction: Erythrophleum Ivorense (EI) is a tree found across tropical Africa. The bark of EI is widely used as hunting poisons for animals and ordeal poison in humans. Eating this plant causes paralysis, respiratory distress, and amnesia.

Neurocognitive domains and neuropathological changes in experimental infection with in Wistar rats.

causes animal trypanosomiasis in several vertebrates and human African trypanosomiasis. Previous studies have only explored the incidence, clinical symptoms, haematology and biochemical changes associated with the disease. The behavioral manipulation hypothesis posits that parasites alter the behavior of host to increase the reproductive abilities of such parasites.

Haematological Studies and Micronucleus Assay of Straw-Coloured Fruit Bats (Eidolon helvum).

The straw-coloured fruit bats (Eidolon helvum) are the most widely distributed megachiropteran species in Africa. Studies have shown that they migrate, and are likely exposed to environmental pollutants across population. This study was designed to investigate genotoxicity via the bone marrow micronucleus assay and haematological alterations of Eidolon helvum in the tropics.

Luteolin supplementation ameliorates cobalt-induced oxidative stress and inflammation by suppressing NF-кB/Kim-1 signaling in the heart and kidney of rats.

Cobalt-induced cardiomyopathy and renal toxicity have been reported in workers in processing plants, hard metal industries, diamond polishing and manufacture of ceramics. This study was designed to investigate the influence of Luteolin supplementation on cobalt-induced cardiac and renal toxicity in rats. Exposure of rats to cobalt chloride (CoCl) alone caused significant (p < 0.

Administration of ethanolic extract of Erythrophleum ivorense (A Chev.) stem bark to male Wistar rats alters brain areas involved in motor coordination, behavior, and memory.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Erythrophleum ivorense (A Chev.) is a common plant in the tropics. Its use as ordeal poison in folklore medicine is controversial.

Clofibrate, a PPAR-α agonist, abrogates sodium fluoride-induced neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and motor incoordination via modulation of GFAP/Iba-1/anti-calbindin signaling pathways.

Fluoride is an environmental contaminant that is ubiquitously present in air, water, and soil. It is commonly added in minute quantity to drinking water, toothpaste, and mouth rinses to prevent tooth decay. Epidemiological findings have demonstrated that exposure to fluoride induced neurodevelopmental toxicity, developmental neurotoxicity, and motor disorders.

Βeta-sitosterol enhances motor coordination, attenuates memory loss and demyelination in a vanadium-induced model of experimental neurotoxicity.

Environmental discharge of vanadium causes cognitive and behavioral impairments in humans and animals via production of reactive oxygen species leading to lipid peroxidation and alteration in antioxidant defence system. The current study was carried out to investigate the cognitive-enhancing ability of β-sitosterol in vanadium-induced neurotoxicity. Forty eight mice were randomly assigned into 4 groups (A-D) with the following treatments: group A; distilled water, B; α-tocopherol + sodium metavanadate (NaOV), C; β-sitosterol + NaOV and D; only NaOV.

Sodium metavanadate induced cognitive decline, behavioral impairments, oxidative stress and down regulation of myelin basic protein in mice hippocampus: Ameliorative roles of β-spinasterol, and stigmasterol.

Introduction: Exposures to toxic levels of vanadium and soluble vanadium compounds cause behavioral impairments and neurodegeneration via free radical production. Consequently, natural antioxidant sources have been explored for effective and cheap remedy following toxicity. Grewia carpinifolia has been shown to improve behavioral impairments in vanadium-induced neurotoxicity, however, the active compounds implicated remains unknown.

Hematology and erythrocyte osmotic fragility of the Franquet's fruit bat (Epomops franqueti).

Background Hematological parameters are vital diagnostic tools for understanding health dynamics of humans and animals. Franquet's fruit bat (Epomops franqueti) is host to several parasites such as protozoa, bacteria, viruses and mites. Yet, studies exploring the values of its blood components with interest for research or food purposes are scarce.

Behavioural studies on the ethanol leaf extract of Grewia carpinifolia in Wistar rats.

Background: Grewia carpinifolia is a plant commonly used in the tropics to manage various central nervous system (CNS) disorders. However, despite its widespread use no scientific work has been reported to validate these claims.

Objectives: To evaluate the activity of G.

Phytochemical and acute toxicity of ethanolic extract of Enantia chlorantha (oliv) stem bark in albino rats.

It is presumed that drugs sourced from herbs have lesser side effects than allopathic drugs. Enantia chlorantha is widely used in herbal medicine for the treatment of several ailments such as jaundice, malaria, fever, infective hepatitis, etc. However its toxicity profiles are not well documented.