Coronavirus disease 2019 hospitalization outcomes in persons with and without HIV in Spain.

Objective: To compare coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalization outcomes between persons with and without HIV.

Design: Retrospective observational cohort study in 150 hospitals in Spain.

Methods: Patients admitted from 1 March to 8 October 2020 with COVID-19 diagnosis confirmed by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 positive) PCR test in respiratory tract samples.

Inadequate use of antibiotics in the covid-19 era: effectiveness of antibiotic therapy.

Background: Since December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the concept of medicine. This work aims to analyze the use of antibiotics in patients admitted to the hospital due to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods: This work analyzes the use and effectiveness of antibiotics in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 based on data from the SEMI-COVID-19 registry, an initiative to generate knowledge about this disease using data from electronic medical records.

The value of telephone consultations during COVID-19 pandemic. An observational study.

Background: Many Spanish hospitals converted scheduled in-person visits to telephone visits during the COVID-19 lockdown. There is scarce information about the performance of those visits.

Aim: To compare telephone visits during the COVID-19 lockdown period with previous in-person visits.

Brief Report: CYP27B1 rs10877012 T Allele Was Linked to Non-AIDS Progression in ART-Naïve HIV-Infected Patients: A Retrospective Study.

Background: HIV/AIDS progression is linked to vitamin D, which is regulated by several key cytochromes P450 (CYP). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CYP genes influence vitamin D metabolism and serum levels. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between CYP SNPs and the clinical AIDS progression in antiretroviral treatment (ART)-naïve HIV-infected patients.

In-Depth Study of a Nosocomial Outbreak Caused by Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Using Whole Genome Sequencing Coupled With a Polymerase Chain Reaction Targeting Strain-Specific Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms.

In 2013-2014, an outbreak involving 14 patients infected by an extensively drug-resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in a hospital in Madrid, Spain. Our objective was to evaluate an alternative strategy for investigating the outbreak in depth by means of molecular and genomic approaches. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was applied as a first-line approach, followed by a more refined whole genome sequencing analysis.

Insulin degludec allows for better glycaemic control with a lower risk of hypoglycaemia in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes.

We conducted a retrospective observational study to demonstrate that switching to insulin degludec from other long-acting insulins reduces the risk of hypoglycaemia events and improves glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes and stage 2-3B chronic kidney disease.

Validation of the PROFUND index to predict early post-hospital discharge mortality.

Background: The PROFUND index (PI) is a prognostic scale for polypathological patients at 12 months. The objective of the study was to validate the PI as a predictor of 1-year mortality in a current cohort of polypathological patients and analyse its prognostic usefulness in the short-term (1 month and 3 months) after discharge from Internal Medicine.

Design: We conducted a prospective observational study and all polypathological patients discharged from an Internal Medicine Department between 01 March 2016 and 28 February 2017 were enrolled.

Analysis of drug resistance mutations in whole blood DNA from HIV-1 infected patients by single genome and ultradeep sequencing analysis.

In HIV-1 infected patients blood CD4 T lymphocytes could be a valuable target to analyse drug resistance mutations (DRM) selected over the course of the infection. However, detection of viral resistance mutations in cellular DNA by standard genotype resistance techniques (SGRT) is suboptimal. Whole blood DNA (wbDNA) from 12 HIV-1 infected patients on ART was studied by Single Genome Sequencing (SGS) and 8 of them also by Ultradeep pyrosequencing (UDP).

Efficacy and safety of replacing sitagliptin with canagliflozin in real-world patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled with sitagliptin combined with metformin and/or gliclazide: The SITA-CANA Switch Study.

Aim: To analyze the efficacy and safety of replacing sitagliptin with canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and poor metabolic control despite treatment with sitagliptin in combination with metformin and/or gliclazide.

Materials And Methods: In this multicentre observational, retrospective, 26-week clinical study of patients with T2D and poor glycaemic control (HbA1c: 7.5-9.

Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Like Reactive Hemophagocytic Syndrome Associated with Disseminated Histoplasmosis in a HIV Patient.

We describe an unusual clinical association of disseminated histoplasmosis with reactive hemophagocytic syndrome. We report the case of a new HIV-positive patient with reconstitution inflammatory syndrome like reactive hemophagocytic syndrome associated with disseminated histoplasmosis. We describe the clinical case, the procedures performed, the treatment provided and the patient's evolution.

In-Depth Characterization and Functional Analysis of Clonal Variants in a Strain Prone to Microevolution.

The role of clonal complexity has gradually been accepted in infection by (MTB), although analyses of this issue are limited. We performed an in-depth study of a case of recurrent MTB infection by integrating genotyping, whole genome sequencing, analysis of gene expression and infectivity in and models. Four different clonal variants were identified from independent intrapatient evolutionary branches.

Colonic leishmaniasis in a patient with HIV: a case report.

Background: To describe an unusual clinical presentation of visceral leishmaniasis affecting the colon.

Case Report: We report the case of an HIV-positive patient with visceral leishmaniasis. We describe the clinical case, the procedures performed, the treatment provided and the patient's evolution.

[Barriers to ART initiation in HIV infected subjects and with treatment indication in Spain. Why don't they start their treatment? Bridgap Study].

Introduction: In Spain, HIV treatment guidelines are well known and generally followed. However, in some patients there are no plans to initiate ART despite having treatment indications. The current barriers to ART initiation are presented.

Epidemiological study of primary systemic vasculitides among adults in southern Spain and review of the main epidemiological studies.

Objectives: To study the incidence and prevalence of primary systemic vasculitides (PSV) in the Costa del Sol region (southern Spain) and to compare the major epidemiological studies in PSV with the results obtained in our area.

Methods: Retrospective study including permanent residents ≥14 years (or older) diagnosed with PSV at the Hospital Costa del Sol (Marbella, Spain) between 1994 and 2010. Epidemiological data were collected and the annual incidence rate during the study period and the prevalence in 2010 were calculated per million population, except for GCA, which was estimated per 100,000 population >50 years.

[Results of an early intervention program for patients with bacteremia discharged from the Emergency Department].

Background And Objective: Occult bacteremia represents 3% of blood cultures drawn in the Emergency Department. In most cases, the evolution is unknown. The aim of the study is to analyze the results obtained after implementation of an intervention program for these patients.