Demographic characteristics associated with a penicillin allergy label during pregnancy.

Introduction: Penicillins and other beta-lactam antibiotics are used in greater than one-third of pregnant women as treatment for Group B Streptococcus colonization and prophylaxis for Caesarean sections. Penicillin allergy labels have been associated with increased morbidity in the pregnant population, and penicillin allergy evaluation during pregnancy is now recognized as safe and effective. Yet, demographic characteristics associated with having a penicillin allergy label during pregnancy have not been studied.

Associations of aeroallergen testing with reduced oral corticosteroid bursts among adults with asthma.

Background: Aeroallergen testing can improve precision care for persistent asthma. How testing benefits diverse populations of adults with asthma and the importance of the aeroallergen sensitization and test modality used remain poorly understood.

Objective: We evaluated whether aeroallergen testing was associated with a reduction in oral corticosteroid (OCS) bursts.

Racial differences in odds of asthma exacerbations among Aspergillus fumigatus-sensitized adults with asthma.

Background: Allergic sensitization to mold is a risk factor for poor asthma outcomes, but whether it accounts for disparities in asthma outcomes according to race or socioeconomic status is not well-studied.

Objective: To identify factors associated with allergic sensitization to molds and evaluate associations of sensitization to molds with asthma exacerbations after stratifying by race.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults with asthma who had an outpatient visit to a large health system between January 1, 2017 and June 30, 2023 and received aeroallergen testing to Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium, Alternaria, and Cladosporium.

Benefits of Aeroallergen Testing on Oral Corticosteroid Bursts in Adults with Asthma.

Background: Aeroallergen testing can improve precision care for persistent asthma and is recommended by the U.S. clinical guidelines.

Factors associated with aeroallergen testing among adults with asthma in a large health system.

Background: Aeroallergen testing informs precision care for adults with asthma, yet the epidemiology of testing in this population remains poorly understood.

Objective: We sought to identify factors associated with receiving aeroallergen testing, the results of these tests, and subsequent reductions in exacerbation measures among adults with asthma.

Methods: We used electronic health record data to conduct a retrospective, observational cohort study of 30,775 adults with asthma who had an office visit with a primary care provider or an asthma specialist from January 1, 2017, to August 26, 2022.

Cyclosporine for omalizumab-refractory chronic urticaria: a report of five cases.

Background: While both the AAAAI/ACAAI and the EAACI/GALEN/EuroGuiDerm/APAAACI guidelines recommend starting cyclosporine for patients with chronic urticaria who have had an inadequate response to omalizumab, many clinicians are hesitant to initiate cyclosporine due to paucity of clinical data. The objective of this study was to report real-life clinical outcomes in adult patients with chronic urticaria who had an inadequate response to omalizumab and were switched from omalizumab to cyclosporine. Medical records of adult patients with chronic urticaria who had an inadequate response with omalizumab and were later treated with cyclosporine were reviewed retrospectively.

Penicillin allergy evaluation in hospitalized patients with hematologic malignancy.

A penicillin allergy testing service (PATS) assessed penicillin allergy in patients with hematologic malignancies; 17 patients who met criteria had negative skin testing. Patients who underwent penicillin challenge passed and were delabeled. Of delabeled patients, 87% received and tolerated β-lactams during follow-up.

Respiratory Viruses Associated With Acute Wheezing in Hospitalized Young Children in Jordan.

A cross-sectional viral surveillance study of hospitalized children less than 2 years of old in Amman, Jordan, noted that respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus, but not human rhinovirus, were associated with higher odds of acute wheezing. Future longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the association between early childhood viral acute respiratory infections and recurrent wheezing later in childhood.

Common variable immunodeficiency-associated endotoxemia promotes early commitment to the T follicular lineage.

Background: Although chiefly a B-lymphocyte disorder, several research groups have identified common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) subjects with numeric and/or functional T cell alterations. The causes, interrelationships, and consequences of CVID-associated CD4 T-cell derangements to hypogammaglobulinemia, autoantibody production, or both remain unclear.

Objective: We sought to determine how circulating CD4 T cells are altered in CVID subjects with autoimmune cytopenias (AICs; CVID+AIC) and the causes of these derangements.

Immune responses to pertussis antigens in infants and toddlers after immunization with multicomponent acellular pertussis vaccine.

Given the resurgence of pertussis despite high rates of vaccination with the diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine, a better understanding of vaccine-induced immune responses to Bordetella pertussis is needed. We investigated the antibody, cell-mediated, and cytokine responses to B. pertussis antigens in children who received the primary vaccination series (at 2, 4, and 6 months) and first booster vaccination (at 15 to 18 months) with 5-component acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine.

Linezolid desensitization for a patient with multiple medication hypersensitivity reactions.

Objective: To describe a case in which a linezolid desensitization protocol was successfully used for a polymicrobial surgical wound infection in a patient with multiple drug hypersensitivity reactions.

Case Summary: A 24-year-old woman with vocal cord dysfunction requiring tracheostomy was admitted for a surgical wound infection following a tracheostomy fistula closure procedure. The patient reported multiple antibiotic allergies including penicillins (rash), sulfonamides (rash), vancomycin (anaphylaxis), azithromycin (rash), cephalosporins (anaphylaxis), levofloxacin (unspecified), clindamycin (unspecified), and carbapenems (unspecified).