Immunological insights into COVID-19 in Southern Nigeria.

Introduction: One of the unexpected outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic was the relatively low levels of morbidity and mortality in Africa compared to the rest of the world. Nigeria, Africa's most populous nation, accounted for less than 0.01% of the global COVID-19 fatalities.

Time-to-survival from COVID-19 disease and its associated factors in Osun State, Nigeria.

Introduction This study focused on estimating the probability of survival and the specific time to survival from COVID-19 among patients who had COVID-19 in Osun state, Nigeria. Also, we examined some factors associated with the time to survival among COVID-19 patients in Osun state, Nigeria. Methods The retrospective data of 2596 records of COVID-19 patients in Osun state were analysed in this study.

Associated Psychological Factors of Viral Load among Self-Isolating Nigerian COVID-19 Patients.

Background: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic that has affected millions of people worldwide. The aim of this study was to explore the psychological factors of viral load among COVID-19 patients who were on self-isolation in Nigeria.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving five hundred and nine self-isolating COVID-19 patients in Osogbo, Nigeria.

Identification of paternal uniparental disomy on chromosome 22 and a de novo deletion on chromosome 18 in individuals with orofacial clefts.

Background: Orofacial clefts are the most common malformations of the head and neck region. Genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in the etiology of these traits.

Methods: We recently conducted genotyping of individuals from the African population using the multiethnic genotyping array (MEGA) to identify common genetic variation associated with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts.

Paediatric burn epidemiology as a basis for developing a burn prevention program.

Burn injuries are often seen among the paediatric population. Mortality from burn injuries is high in developing countries. Poor facilities and poverty contribute to this.

Identification of ASAH1 as a susceptibility gene for familial keloids.

Keloids result from abnormal proliferative scar formation with scar tissue expanding beyond the margin of the original wound and are mostly found in individuals of sub-Saharan African descent. The etiology of keloids has not been resolved but previous studies suggest that keloids are a genetically heterogeneous disorder. Although possible candidate genes have been suggested by genome-wide association studies using common variants, by upregulation in keloids or their involvement in syndromes that include keloid formation, rare coding variants that contribute to susceptibility in non-syndromic keloid formation have not been previously identified.

Loss-of-Function GRHL3 Variants Detected in African Patients with Isolated Cleft Palate.

In contrast to the progress that has been made toward understanding the genetic etiology of cleft lip with or without cleft palate, relatively little is known about the genetic etiology for cleft palate only (CPO). A common coding variant of grainyhead like transcription factor 3 ( GRHL3) was recently shown to be associated with risk for CPO in Europeans. Mutations in this gene were also reported in families with Van der Woude syndrome.

Association Studies and Direct DNA Sequencing Implicate Genetic Susceptibility Loci in the Etiology of Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts in Sub-Saharan African Populations.

Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are congenital dysmorphologies of the human face and oral cavity, with a global incidence of 1 per 700 live births. These anomalies exhibit a multifactorial pattern of inheritance, with genetic and environmental factors both playing crucial roles. Many loci have been implicated in the etiology of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) in populations of Asian and European ancestries, through genome-wide association studies and candidate gene studies.

Total Reconstruction of the Upper Lip Using Bilateral Nasolabial Flaps, Submental Flap, and Mucosa Graft following Complete Resection for Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Lip reconstruction following resection for tumour or following extensive trauma may pose a challenge. This is more so when the resection is total and a complete lip has to be constructed. We present a case of lip reconstruction following a total resection of the upper lip.

Multidisciplinary approach to genomics research in Africa: the AfriCRAN model.

This article is an outcome of the African Craniofacial Anomalies Research Network (AfriCRAN) Human Hereditary and Health (H3A) grant planning meeting in 2012 in Lagos, Nigeria. It describes the strengths of a multidisciplinary team approach to solving complex genetic traits in the craniofacial region. It also highlights the different components and argues for the composition of similar teams to fast track the discovery of disease genes, diagnostic tools, improved clinical treatment and ultimately prevention of diseases.

Malignant skin lesions in Oshogbo, Nigeria.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to retrospectively assess the prevalence of some of skin malignancies in our environment and to provide a data base for creating awareness for prevention and early detection of the diseases in order to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with these skin lesions in our environment.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of all histologically diagnosed malignant skin lesions which presented at Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital Osogbo Osun State between January 2006 and December 2010.

Results: Ninety- eight patients presented with skin cancers out of which 60 (61.

Quality of life of Nigerians living with human immunodeficiency virus.

Introduction: Few reports from Nigeria have examined the quality of life (QOL) of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) despite the fact that Nigeria has the second largest number of PLWHA in the world. This study evaluated the QOL of Nigerians living with HIV/AIDS using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire for HIV-Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) instrument and assessed the impact of demographic, laboratory and disease-related variables on QOL.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 491 consecutive PLWHA aged ≥ 18 years attending the dedicated clinic to PLWHA in South-west Nigeria.

Awareness and attitude of healthcare workers to cosmetic surgery in osogbo, Nigeria.

This study aimed at understanding the level of awareness and elucidates the attitude and disposition of healthcare workers to cosmetic surgery in Osogbo, Nigeria. A questionnaire-based survey was done at LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, in 2012. Questionnaires were administered to 213 workers and students in the hospital.

Recruitment of Yoruba families from Nigeria for genetic research: experience from a multisite keloid study.

Background: More involvement of sub-Saharan African countries in biomedical studies, specifically in genetic research, is needed to advance individualized medicine that will benefit non-European populations. Missing infrastructure, cultural and religious beliefs as well as lack of understanding of research benefits can pose a challenge to recruitment. Here we describe recruitment efforts for a large genetic study requiring three-generation pedigrees within the Yoruba homelands of Nigeria.

Knowledge, attitude and practice of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis among nurse-anaesthetists in Nigeria.

Background: In Nigeria, nurse-anaesthetists are responsible for administering perioperative prophylactic antibiotics in a large number of operations but this practice is poorly studied.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis among nurse-anaesthetists in Nigeria.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among nurse-anaesthetists at an Annual General Meeting/Scientific Conference of Nigeria Association of Nurse-Anaesthetists, using a pre-tested questionnaire.

Accidental Peno-Scrotal Degloving Injuries in a Child. A Case Report and Literature Review.

Injury to male external genitalia is very rare because of some intrinsic factors like location, strong investing tunica albuginea and cremasteric muscles. However, when it occurs it is considered a urological emergency. Child labour with poor understanding of risks and safety precautions, especially under harsh supervision, surely poses major challenges.

Knowledge, attitude and practice of prophylactic mastectomy among patients and relations attending a surgical outpatient clinic.

Introduction: Prophylactic mastectomy (PM) is uncommon in our practice. This study documents the knowledge and attitude of patients and relation to prophylactic mastectomy.

Methods: Adults attending surgical outpatient unit were interviewed.

Sharp injuries among hospital waste handlers.

Background: Health care workers are generally predisposed to injuries from sharps as a health hazard. This is more pronounced among waste handlers.

Objective: It is therefore important to assess these injuries among this group of people with a view to identifying the risk factors and suggesting preventive methods.

Clinical photography among African cleft caregivers.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to document the practice of photography among clinicians whose daily work depends and is influenced so much by medical photography.

Materials And Methods: Questionnaires documenting the bio data, place of practice, and experience of cleft caregivers with clinical photography were distributed. Knowledge of rules guiding clinical photography and adherence to them were also asked.

Accidental tear gas injuries in security agents.

Background: Tear gas is a noxious vapour used in quelling civil disturbances. The law enforcement agents who usually handle this are well trained and rarely injured by the use of this weapon especially during peace times.

Methods: We report injuries sustained by two policemen handling tear gas as a result of accidents.

Examination malpractice in our medical schools: prevalence and import on tomorrow's doctors.

Unlabelled: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES. The objective of this paper is to estimate the prevalence of examination malpractice among medical students; its import on medical education and future doctors.

Materials And Methods: Structured questionnaires were administered to consenting medical students of participating four medical colleges in Nigeria.

Genetic studies in the Nigerian population implicate an MSX1 mutation in complex oral facial clefting disorders.

Background: Orofacial clefts are the most common malformations of the head and neck, with a worldwide prevalence of 1 in 700 births. They are commonly divided into CL(P) and CP based on anatomic, genetic, and embryologic findings. A Nigerian craniofacial anomalies study (NigeriaCRAN) was set up in 2006 to investigate the role of gene-environment interaction in the origin of orofacial clefts in Nigeria.

Pattern of hand injuries in osogbo, South-west Nigeria.

Background: Injury to the hand leads to loss of function with attendant psychological consequences. Epidemiological studies of hand injuries from our environment are few; hence the need for this study.

Aims And Objectives: To assess the epidemiology of hand injuries with a view to suggesting some methods of preventing the injuries in our environment.