Plasma Concentrations of Benzylpenicillin and Cloxacillin in Infective Endocarditis-With Special Reference to Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions.

Background: Current antibiotic regimens for infective endocarditis (IE) are effective but pose a high risk of delayed hypersensitivity reactions (DHR). Dose adjustments guided by therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) could mitigate these risks while maintaining treatment efficacy. This study aimed to investigate the plasma concentration of benzylpenicillin and cloxacillin in patients with IE and explore associations between antibiotic concentrations and DHR.

Oral streptococcal infective endocarditis among individuals at high risk following dental treatment: a nested case-crossover and case-control study.

Background: It is not clear whether Viridans Group Streptococcal Infective Endocarditis (VGS-IE) among individuals at high risk is more frequent following bacteraemia caused by invasive dental procedures (IDPs) than after daily bacteraemia caused by chewing and tooth brushing. The aim of this nested study was to assess if VGS-IE was temporally associated with IDPs in a national cohort of individuals at high risk.

Methods: This nested case-control and case-crossover study was based on a Swedish national cohort study of 76,762 individuals at high risk of IE due to complex congenital heart disease, prosthetic heart valve or previous IE.

Epidemiological Changes and Improvement in Outcomes of Infective Endocarditis in Europe in the Twenty-First Century: An International Collaboration on Endocarditis (ICE) Prospective Cohort Study (2000-2012).

Introduction: Infective endocarditis (IE) has undergone important changes in its epidemiology worldwide.

Methods: The study aimed to compare IE epidemiological features and outcomes according to predefined European regions and between two different time periods in the twenty-first century.

Results: IE cases from 13 European countries were included.

Microbiological etiology in prosthetic valve endocarditis: A nationwide registry study.

Background: Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is a feared complication after heart valve surgery. Studies on differences in bacteriology in various types of PVE are limited.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the microbiology of PVE depending on the type of prosthetic valve and timing of diagnosis.

Infective Endocarditis Among High-risk Individuals Before and After the Cessation of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Dentistry: A National Cohort Study.

Background: A few years after the publication of the British guidelines, national recommendations were published by the Swedish Medical Products Agency in October 2012, promoting the cessation of antibiotic prophylaxis in dentistry for the prevention of infective endocarditis (IE). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the incidence of oral streptococcal IE increased among high-risk individuals after October 2012.

Methods: This nationwide cohort study included all adult individuals (>17 years) living in Sweden from January 2008 to January 2018, with a diagnose code or surgical procedure code indicating high risk of IE.

Surgery Is Underused in Elderly Patients With Left-Sided Infective Endocarditis: A Nationwide Registry Study.

Background Infective endocarditis is associated with higher mortality in elderly patients, but the role of surgery in this group has not been fully evaluated. The aim of this study was to assess outcomes of left-sided infective endocarditis in elderly patients and to determine the influence of surgery on mortality in the elderly. Methods and Results A nationwide retrospective study was performed of 2186 patients with left-sided infective endocarditis recorded in the SRIE (Swedish Registry of Infective Endocarditis), divided into patients aged <65 years (n=864), 65 to 79 years (n=806), and ≥80 years (n=516).

Infective endocarditis caused by HACEK group bacteria-a registry-based comparative study.

Infective endocarditis (IE) caused by bacteria within Haemophilus (excluding Haemophilus influenzae), Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella and Kingella (HACEK) is rare. This study aimed to describe clinical features of IE caused by HACEK genera in comparison with IE due to other pathogens. Cases of IE due to HACEK were identified through the Swedish Registry of Infective Endocarditis (SRIE).

Infective Endocarditis Due to Species: Clinical Features and Antibiotic Resistance.

Background: species are often dismissed as contaminants in blood cultures, but they can also cause infective endocarditis (IE), which is a severe condition. Antibiotic resistance of corynebacteria is increasing making treatment challenging. Reports on IE caused by species are scarce and more knowledge is needed.

Comparing right- and left sided injection-drug related infective endocarditis.

The aim of the study was to compare background characteristics, microbiology and outcome of patients with right-sided and left-sided intravenous drug use (IDU) associated infective endocarditis (IE). A nationwide retrospective study using the Swedish Registry on Infective Endocarditis between 2008 and 2019 was conducted. A total of 586 people with IDU-IE were identified and divided into left-sided (n = 204) and right-sided (n = 382) IE.

Endocarditis due to Staphylococcus lugdunensis-a retrospective national registry-based study.

We present characteristics of infective endocarditis (IE) caused by Staphylococcus lugdunensis and compare with IE caused by Staphylococcus aureus and other CoNS, in the National Swedish Registry of IE (2008-2018). Thirty episodes of S. lugdunensis IE were registered, of which 21 cases affected native valves, and 7 patients were subjected to surgery.

Incidence of infective endocarditis caused by viridans group streptococci in Sweden - effect of cessation of antibiotic prophylaxis in dentistry for risk individuals.

Introduction: In October 2012, the Swedish Medical Products Agency published new recommendations for the cessation of prophylactic antibiotics in dentistry for the prevention of infective endocarditis (IE). Previously, 2 g of amoxicillin per os would be administered 1 h before invasive dental procedures to patients with valve prosthesis, complicated heart valve disease, and to those with previous endocarditis.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the total incidence of IE caused by oral viridans group streptococci (VGS) or IE caused by staphylococci, increased in Sweden after the introduction of the new recommendations.

Infective endocarditis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a nationwide study.

Aims: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), now a common procedure to treat high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis, has rapidly been expanding into younger and lower-risk populations, creating a need to better understand long-term outcome after TAVI. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the incidence, risk factors for, clinical presentation of, and outcome after prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) in patients treated with TAVI in a nationwide study.

Methods And Results: Three registries were used: a national TAVI registry, a national diagnosis registry, and a national infective endocarditis registry.

Native aortic versus mitral valve infective endocarditis: a nationwide registry study.

Background: Native aortic and mitral valve infective endocarditis (AVE and MVE, respectively) are usually grouped together as left-sided native valve infective endocarditis (LNVE), while the differences between AVE and MVE have not yet been properly investigated. We aimed to compare AVE and MVE in regard to patient characteristics, microbiology and determinants of survival.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study using the Swedish national registry on infective endocarditis, which contains nationwide patient data.

Infective endocarditis due to Streptococcus dysgalactiae: clinical presentation and microbiological features.

Knowledge of infective endocarditis (IE) caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae (SD) is limited. This study aimed to identify the clinical and microbiological features of SD-caused IE and to investigate any possible synergy between penicillin and gentamicin on SD isolates. Cases of IE 2008-2016 due to SD reported to the Swedish Registry of Infective Endocarditis (SRIE) were identified.

Prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Propionibacterium species: a national registry-based study of 51 Swedish cases.

Propionibacterium spp. are a rare cause of infective endocarditis (IE). The diagnosis is difficult because the bacteria are slow-growing and growth in blood cultures is often misinterpreted as contamination from the skin flora.

Surgical decision-making in aortic prosthetic valve endocarditis: the influence of electrocardiogram-gated computed tomography.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the value of electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated computed tomography (CT) in the surgical decision-making and preoperative evaluation in patients with aortic prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE).

Methods: Sixty-eight prosthetic valves in 67 patients with aortic PVE were prospectively evaluated with ECG-gated CT and transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Imaging findings considered indications for surgery were as follows: (i) abscess/pseudoaneurysm formation; (ii) prosthetic valve dehiscence; (iii) valve destruction with valvular regurgitation; (iv) large vegetations (>1.

Clinical presentation of infective endocarditis caused by different groups of non-beta haemolytic streptococci.

Streptococci are common causes of infective endocarditis (IE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has provided a practical tool for their species determination. We aimed to investigate if particular groups of non-beta heamolytic streptococci were associated with IE or to specific presentations thereof. The Swedish Registry of Infective Endocarditis was used to identify cases of IE caused by streptococci and a local database to identify cases of streptococcal bacteremia.

Clinical and microbiological features of infective endocarditis caused by aerococci.

Purpose: To define the clinical presentation of aerococcal infective endocarditis (IE) and the prevalence of synergy between penicillin and gentamicin on aerococcal isolates.

Methods: Cases of aerococcal IE between 2002 and 2014 were identified in the Swedish Registry of Infective Endocarditis (SRIE). MALDI-TOF MS was used to confirm species determination.

Comparison of species identification of endocarditis associated viridans streptococci using rnpB genotyping and 2 MALDI-TOF systems.

Streptococcus spp. are important causes of infective endocarditis but challenging in species identification. This study compared identification based on sequence determination of the rnpB gene with 2 systems of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, MALDI Biotyper (Bruker) and VITEK MS IVD (bioMérieux).

Enterococcal endocarditis in the beginning of the 21st century: analysis from the International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study.

Enterococci are reportedly the third most common group of endocarditis-causing pathogens but data on enterococcal infective endocarditis (IE) are limited. The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics and prognostic factors of enterococcal IE within the International Collaboration on Endocarditis. In this multicentre, prospective observational cohort study of 4974 adults with definite IE recorded from June 2000 to September 2006, 500 patients had enterococcal IE.

Influence of the timing of cardiac surgery on the outcome of patients with infective endocarditis and stroke.

Background: The timing of cardiac surgery after stroke in infective endocarditis (IE) remains controversial. We examined the relationship between the timing of surgery after stroke and the incidence of in-hospital and 1-year mortalities.

Methods: Data were obtained from the International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study of 4794 patients with definite IE who were admitted to 64 centers from June 2000 through December 2006.

Cystatin C in a composite risk score for mortality in patients with infective endocarditis: a cohort study.

Objective: To develop a multimarker prognostic score for infective endocarditis (IE).

Design: Retrospective case-control.

Setting: Secondary care.

ECG-gated computed tomography: a new role for patients with suspected aortic prosthetic valve endocarditis.

Objectives: The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the agreement in findings between ECG-gated CT and transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in patients with aortic prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE).

Methods: Twenty-seven consecutive patients with PVE underwent 64-slice ECG-gated CT and TEE and the results were compared. Imaging was compared with surgical findings (surgery was performed in 16 patients).