The effect of continuous positive airway pressure therapy on early atherosclerosis in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome.

Purpose: Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder. Longer term, repeated episodes of hypercapnia and hypoxemia during sleep are associated with inflammatory and atherosclerosis-related factors. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy on cerebral vasoreactivity and early atherosclerosis in patients with severe OSAHS.

Clinicopathological Observations in Acute Stroke Patients Treated with Intravenous Thrombolysis.

: Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, and intravenous thrombolysis, while improving functional outcomes, still leaves a significant mortality rate. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and pathological data of thrombolysed stroke patients who subsequently died and underwent autopsy, focusing on hemorrhagic transformation (HT). : Over a 10-year period, 1426 acute ischemic stroke patients received thrombolysis at our center, with an in-hospital mortality rate of 11.

Comparison of pre-mortem 2D-3D ultrasound examination to post-mortem micro-CT of carotid arteries - first experiences.

Background And Purpose:

Role of carotid duplex in the assessment of carotid artery restenosis after endarterectomy or stenting.

Introduction: Redo carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid stenting (CAS) are often performed when there is evidence of post-procedural restenosis. The incidence of restenosis after carotid reconstruction is not negligible, ranging from 5 to 33%. The diagnosis of significant internal carotid artery (ICA) restenosis is usually based on duplex ultrasound (US) criteria, mostly on peak-systolic flow velocity (PSV).

Hemorrhagic Transformation of Ischemic Strokes.

Ischemic stroke, resulting from insufficient blood supply to the brain, is among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. A potentially severe complication of the disease itself or its treatment aiming to restore optimal blood flow is hemorrhagic transformation (HT) increasing morbidity and mortality. Detailed summaries can be found in the literature on the pathophysiological background of hemorrhagic transformation, the potential clinical risk factors increasing its chance, and the different biomarkers expected to help in its prediction and clinical outcome.

Can carotid ultrasound predict neurological risk after carotid intervention?

Background And Purpose:

Elevated Blood Alcohol Concentration Is Associated with Improved Clinical Outcomes of Intravenous Thrombolysis Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients-A Retrospective Study.

Background: Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) improves acute ischemic stroke (AIS) outcomes, but with limited success. In addition, ethanol potentiates the effect of r-tPA in ischemia models.

Methods: The effect of acute alcohol consumption on IVT outcomes was investigated in a retrospective cohort study.

Potential benefits of intraoperative ultrasound in neurosurgery.

Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are the most popular diagnostic tools to visualize intracranial pathology and help surgical planning in the neurosurgical practice. However, these preoperative techniques need to be supplemented with intraoperative methods, if the lesion size may increase or preoperative anatomy may change after the primary imaging due to rapid progression of the underlying intracranial disease. In such situations intraoperative ultrasound could be a valuable technique in real-time imaging of intracranial pathologic processes, real-time control of surgical procedure, assistance in drain or catheter placement, and real-time assessment of residual tumor or hematoma volume during neurosurgical interventions.

Atmospheric muography for imaging and monitoring tropic cyclones.

Large-scale solid bodies on Earth such as volcanoes and man-made pyramids have been visualized with solid earth muography, and the recently invented technique, acqueous muography, has already demonstrated its capability to visualize ocean tides and tsunami. In this work, atmospheric muography, a technique to visualize and monitor the vertical profile of tropic cyclones (TCs) is presented for the first time. The density distribution and time-dependent behavior of several TCs which had approached Kagoshima, Japan, has been investigated with muography.

Periodic sea-level oscillation in Tokyo Bay detected with the Tokyo-Bay seafloor hyper-kilometric submarine deep detector (TS-HKMSDD).

Meteorological-tsunami-like (or meteotsunami-like) periodic oscillation was muographically detected with the Tokyo-Bay Seafloor Hyper-Kilometric Submarine Deep Detector (TS-HKMSDD) deployed in the underwater highway called the Trans-Tokyo Bay Expressway or Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line (TBAL). It was detected right after the arrival of the 2021 Typhoon-16 that passed through the region 400 km south of the bay. The measured oscillation period and decay time were respectively 3 h and 10 h.

Discrepancies between clinical and autopsy findings in patients who had an acute stroke.

Objectives: According to international observations, the incidence of clinical autopsies is declining worldwide, plummeting below 5% in the USA and many European countries. It is an unfavourable trend as, in 7%-12% of cases, recent clinicopathological studies found discrepancies that might have changed the therapy or the outcome if known premortem. As previous large-scale observations have examined varied patient populations, we aimed to focus on the differences between the clinical and pathological diagnostic findings in only patients who had a stroke.

Muographic monitoring of hydrogeomorphic changes induced by post-eruptive lahars and erosion of Sakurajima volcano.

Post-eruptive destabilization of volcanic edifices by gravity driven debris flows or erosion can catastrophically impact the landscapes, economies and human societies surrounding active volcanoes. In this work, we propose cosmic-ray muon imaging (muography) as a tool for the remote monitoring of hydrogeomorphic responses to volcano landscape disturbances. We conducted the muographic monitoring of Sakurajima volcano, Kyushu, Japan and measured continuous post-eruptive activity with over 30 lahars per year.

Decreased clot burden is associated with factor XIII Val34Leu polymorphism and better functional outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis.

Background: Intravenous thrombolysis using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator remains the mainstay treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), although endovascular treatment is becoming standard of care in case of large vessel occlusions (LVO). To quantify the thrombus burden in LVO, a semiquantitative CT angiography (CTA) grading system, the clot burden score (CBS) can be used. Here we aimed to study the association between CBS and various hemostasis parameters, and to evaluate which parameters are major determinants of thrombolysis outcome.

Effects of acute alcohol consumption on neuronal activity and cerebral vasomotor response.

Introduction: In the majority of European countries, driving after drinking small-moderate amount of alcohol is legal. Motivated by our previous studies on cerebral hemodynamics, we aimed to study whether a small-moderate blood alcohol content (BAC), at which driving is legal in some countries (0.8 g/L), influences the neuronal activity, neurovascular coupling, and cerebral vasoreactivity.

The applications of transcranial Doppler in ischemic stroke.

Background: This overview provides a summary of the applications of transcranial Doppler (TCD) in ischemic stroke.

Results: A fast-track neurovascular ultrasound protocol has been developed for detecting occlusion or stenosis. The technique is more reliable in the carotid area than in the posterior circulation.

Hypertension-induced subclinical vascular and cognitive changes are reversible-An observational cohort study.

Beside the well-known complications of poorly controlled, long-standing hypertension, milder abnormalities induced by early-stage hypertension have also been described. In our study, the authors examined the reversibility of changes induced by early-stage hypertension. The authors performed laboratory testing, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) measurement, evaluation of stiffness parameters, assessment of various cardiac and cerebral hemodynamic parameters during head-up tilt table (HUTT) testing, and neuropsychological examinations in 49 recently diagnosed hypertensive patients.

Effect of reading with direct or indirect light on the visually evoked flow response in the posterior cerebral artery.

Purpose: Reading with direct light from computer monitors or tablets may cause visual fatigue and hamper reading comprehension. Our aim was to compare the blood flow response in the supplying artery of the visual cortex when reading from tablet screen or from paper. The neurovascular coupling was tested also after 15-minute reading from either monitor or paper.

Acute alcohol intoxication may cause delay in stroke treatment - case reports.

Background: The signs and symptoms of acute alcohol intoxication resemble those of vertebrobasilar stroke. Due to their shared symptoms including double vision, nystagmus, dysarthria, and ataxia, the differential diagnosis of alcohol intoxication and vertebrobasilar stroke may pose a challenge. Moreover, if alcohol intoxication and stroke occur simultaneously, the signs and symptoms of stroke may be attributed to the effects of alcohol, leading to delayed stroke diagnosis and failure to perform reperfusion therapy.

Overview of muographers.

By observing the growth of a research community, particularly the factors of size and strength of involvement, it is possible to evaluate the vitality of a new field. The emerging technology of muography, a new visualization technique to look through gigantic objects with an elementary particle called the muon, is the focus of this study. Recently, the initial applications of muography to the study of structures such as pyramids and volcanoes have been expanding to include more commercial interests such as inspecting social infrastructures and energy and mineral resources.

Investigation of the limits of high-definition muography for observation of Mt Sakurajima.

A multi-wire proportional chamber-based muo- graphy observatory is under development for the monitoring of the internal structure of Mt Sakurajima in Kyushu, Japan. We investigated the limits of large-scale and high-definition muography. We adjusted the parameters of a modified Gaisser model and found that the spectral index of  =  - 2.