Accumulation of Liquid Byproducts in an Electrolyte as a Critical Factor That Compromises Long-Term Functionality of CO-to-CH Electrolysis.

Electrochemical conversion of CO using Cu-based gas diffusion electrodes opens the way to green chemical production as an alternative to thermocatalytic processes and a storage solution for intermittent renewable electricity. However, diverse challenges, including short lifetimes, currently inhibit their industrial usage. Among well-studied determinants such as catalyst characteristics and electrode architecture, possible effects of byproduct accumulation in the electrolyte as an operational factor have not been elucidated.

Applying 3D X-ray Microscopy to Model Coated Gasoline Particulate Filters under Practical Driving Conditions.

Recent progress in 3D X-ray microscopy allows the analysis of coated gasoline particulate filters on a detailed pore-scale level. However, derivable detailed three-dimensional models for filter simulation are not applicable under transient driving conditions of automotive aftertreatment systems due to their inherent complexity. Here, we present a novel concept to utilize highly resolved 3D X-ray microscopy scans and their quantitative analysis for a macroscopic model of coated gasoline particulate filters intended to be applied in a driving cycle.

Photo-DSC method for liquid samples used in vat photopolymerization.

The photo differential scanning calorimetry (photo-DSC) is an appropriate method to characterize photopolymers used in additive manufacturing (AM). Important process parameters such as optimal ultraviolet (UV) exposure time and reaction heat can be attained by this method. However, achieving reliable and meaningful results from photo-DSC experiments requires careful sample preparation, i.

Extended Model for Filtration in Gasoline Particulate Filters under Practical Driving Conditions.

In order to reliably predict the particle number filtration of gasoline particulate filters (GPF) under practical driving conditions, an extension to established filtration models is developed. For the validation of this approach and in order to close a gap of available measurement data at high space velocity in the literature, the particle-size-resolved fresh filtration efficiency of seven different cordierite filters is determined experimentally. Moreover, the experiments on a dynamic engine test bench focus on the impact of the pore-size distribution and the filter wall thickness under steady-state as well as transient, cold-start conditions.

Counting of oxygen defects versus metal surface sites in methanol synthesis catalysts by different probe molecules.

Different surface sites of solid catalysts are usually quantified by dedicated chemisorption techniques from the adsorption capacity of probe molecules, assuming they specifically react with unique sites. In case of methanol synthesis catalysts, the Cu surface area is one of the crucial parameters in catalyst design and was for over 25 years commonly determined using diluted N2O. To disentangle the influence of the catalyst components, different model catalysts were prepared and characterized using N2O, temperature programmed desorption of H2, and kinetic experiments.