Advanced urothelial cancer: a radiology update.

The recent genomic characterization of urothelial carcinoma by the Cancer Genome Atlas Project, made possible by the introduction of high throughput, reduced cost, and sequence analysis, has shed new insights on the biology of advanced disease. In addition, studies on imaging of advanced urothelial carcinoma have widened the knowledge on disease presentation and on pattern of metastatic spread and their correlation with the underlying biology of urothelial carcinoma. The wide range of treatments for advanced urothelial cancer, including combined chemotherapy regimens and immune checkpoint inhibitors, each result in treatment class-specific patterns of response and adverse events.

Association of Streptococcus bovis endocarditis and advanced colorectal neoplasia: a case-control study.

Objective: To study the association between Streptococcus bovis (S. bovis) endocarditis and advanced colorectal neoplasia.

Methods: This was a case-control study of patients with S.

CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism, rabeprazole and esomeprazole have no effect on the antiplatelet action of clopidogrel.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of CYP2C19 polymorphism and cotherapy with rabeprazole or esomeprazole on the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel. Patients receiving clopidogrel 75 mg ± rabeprazole or esomeprazole underwent genotyping for CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3, and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein testing to measure platelet reactivity index (PRI). Two hundred thirty-nine consecutive patients were enrolled as follows: 92 clopidogrel (C group), 94 clopidogrel + rabeprazole (CR), and 53 clopidogrel + esomeprazole (CE).

Alcohol consumption is a risk factor for colonic diverticulosis.

Background And Aim: The exact factors predisposing to colonic diverticulosis other than age are unknown.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of asymptomatic subjects undergoing screening colonoscopy. A detailed dietary and social questionnaire was completed on all participants.

Isolated hepatic artery injury in blunt abdominal trauma presenting as upper gastrointestinal bleeding: treatment with transcatheter embolisation.

Liver injury in blunt abdominal trauma is common. However, not often does blunt trauma cause injury to the anatomical structures of the porta hepatis. Isolated injury of the hepatic artery has been rarely reported in the literature.

Proton pump inhibitors have no measurable effect on calcium and bone metabolism in healthy young males: a prospective matched controlled study.

Objectives: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are associated with an increased risk of bone fractures. This study sought to evaluate the effect of PPIs on biochemical markers of calcium and bone metabolism.

Methods: Prospective matched controlled study involving healthy adult males (age 18-50years) suffering from frequent heartburn.

Peripheral vascular tumors and vascular malformations: imaging (magnetic resonance imaging and conventional angiography), pathologic correlation and treatment options.

Vascular anomalies are classified into vascular tumors (infantile hemangioma) and vascular malformations. Vascular malformations are divided into slow flow and high flow subtypes. Magnetic resonance imaging helps in classification and assessing extent and distribution.

Popliteal artery entrapment presenting as acute limb ischemia: treatment with intra-arterial thrombolysis. Case report and review of the literature.

Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES) is a relatively rare condition, which occurs predominantly in active young adults who lack atherogenic risk factors. It has been rarely reported in patients under the age of 18 years. The most common presentation in the early stages is intermittent claudication; however, in the later stages of undiagnosed PAES, acute ischemia can occur as a result of complete arterial occlusion or embolism.

A randomized trial of standard-dose versus half-dose rabeprazole, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a standard-dose versus half-dose 10-day triple regimen for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection.

Methods: A total of 115 consecutive patients with documented infection were enrolled in this open-label trial. Group A (standard dose) received rabeprazole (20 mg), amoxicillin (1 g), and clarithromycin (500 mg), all twice daily for 10 days.

Severe hepatotoxicity associated with the combination of spiramycin plus metronidazole.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a leading cause of acute liver failure and is the most frequent reason for post-marketing drug withdrawal. The spectrum of liver injury is wide, ranging from mild and subclinical injury, noticeable only on routine biochemical testing, to fulminant liver failure and death. Antibiotics, as a group, are a leading cause of DILI.

Investigational agents for the irritable bowel syndrome.

Importance Of The Field: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder with significant health and economic consequences. The etiology of IBS is complex and appears to be multifactorial. Traditional IBS therapies have been directed primarily at the relief of individual symptoms but have been largely disappointing.

Duration of pain is correlated with elevation in liver function tests in patients with symptomatic choledocholithiasis.

Background & Aims: We assessed the temporal relationship between abdominal pain and elevation in liver function tests (LFTs) in patients with acute symptomatic choledocholithiasis.

Methods: Retrospective study of patients that presented within 12 hours of pain onset and were subsequently found to have choledocholithiasis.

Results: We identified 40 patients with complete medical records.