Predicting the tumor microenvironment composition and immunotherapy response in non-small cell lung cancer from digital histopathology images.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have become integral to treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, reliable biomarkers predictive of immunotherapy efficacy are limited. Here, we introduce HistoTME, a novel weakly supervised deep learning approach to infer the tumor microenvironment (TME) composition directly from histopathology images of NSCLC patients.

A Case of Pseudogout Causing Thoracic Myelopathy.

Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease is not an uncommon cause of polyarthritis, especially in the elderly. This disease typically affects the appendicular skeleton but may rarely affect the axial skeleton as well. When the axial skeleton is involved, it can lead to numerous neurological signs and can be disabling.

Pulmonary intralobar sequestration associated with aspergillosis and aspiration.

The pathogenesis of intralobar pulmonary sequestration is not completely understood, either representing a congenital or acquired process. The presence of fungal organisms and aspiration has both clinical and etiologic significance.

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma: A rare case in an unusual location.

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, also known as Evans tumor, is a low-grade sarcoma that most commonly arises in the deep soft tissue of the proximal extremities or trunk in young adults. It is very rare in the viscera as a primary site, with only a few cases reported in the literature. Here, we present a case of Evans tumor occurring in an unusual and rarely reported location; an intrathoracic mass arising from the diaphragmatic pleura.

Intra-articular Extraskeletal EWSR1-Negative NR4A3-Positive Myxoid Chondrosarcoma: A Case Report.

Case: Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas (EMCs) are rare soft-tissue malignancies. Intra-articular occurrence is even more rare. To our knowledge, this case is one of only 2 reported intra-articular EMC cases of the knee free of local recurrence and/or amputation at follow-up.

Classic Hodgkin lymphoma with initial extranodal osseous presentation: a case report and literature review.

Initial extranodal osseous presentation of Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) is extremely rare. The present study describes a case of CHL in an 11-year-old male presenting with lower back and right hip pain. Radiologic imaging showed a solitary lytic lesion involving the L5 vertebrae and sacrum.

TLE-1-Positive Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma Mimicking Synovial Sarcoma.

Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) is a rare soft tissue tumor most commonly seen in young adults and children. We report a case with morphology and immunohistochemistry supporting the diagnosis of synovial sarcoma. On core biopsy, the tumor had spindle cell and epithelioid morphology with a myxoid background.

Digital quantification is more precise than traditional semiquantitation of hepatic steatosis: correlation with fibrosis in 220 treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Background: Steatosis, as associated with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), has been considered a risk factor for development of fibrosis.

Aims: Our aims were to determine if correlations existed between the degree of steatosis and fibrosis in treatment-naïve CHC patients, and to compare the accuracy of digital image analysis with semiquantification (manual assessment) to quantify hepatic steatosis.

Methods: We studied 220 treatment-naïve, liver biopsy-proven CHC patients, including a serial biopsy sub-cohort of 37 patients with a mean interval of 3.

Comparison of FISH, PCR, and immunohistochemistry in assessing EGFR status in lung adenocarcinoma and correlation with clinicopathologic features.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between mutation status, copy number, and protein expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in lung adenocarcinoma, and to correlate the genetic status and clinicopathologic features. Forty-nine adenocarcinomas were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for EGFR gene mutations, by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for increased EGFR gene copy number, and by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for EGFR protein expression. Terminal respiratory unit (TRU) morphology, tumor grade, mitotic count, and pleural and lymphovascular invasion were also examined.

Loss of airway pressure during HFOV results in an extended loss of oxygenation: a retrospective animal study.

Background: Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are often ventilated with high airway pressure. Brief loss of airway pressure may lead to an extended loss of oxygenation. While using high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) in a porcine acute lung injury model, two animals became disconnected from the ventilator with subsequent loss of airway pressure.

Proliferative activity in fibrosing lung diseases: a comparative study of Ki-67 immunoreactivity in diffuse alveolar damage, bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing pneumonia, and usual interstitial pneumonia.

Because diffuse alveolar damage, bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing pneumonia, and usual interstitial pneumonia are all related to acute lung injury, we postulated that the proliferative activity of fibroblasts and epithelium would be similar in all 3, and that of fibroblasts would be similar to skin scars. Ki-67 staining was assessed in 16 usual interstitial pneumonia, 9 bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing pneumonia, and 8 diffuse alveolar damage cases, 5 incidental fibroblast foci, 5 skin scars, and 5 keloids. The proliferative activity of alveolar macrophages was also measured and compared with that of 10 respiratory bronchiolitis cases.

Pulmonary meningothelial-like nodules: new insights into a common but poorly understood entity.

Although pulmonary meningothelial-like nodules (MLNs) have been recognized for decades, their nature and significance remain uncertain. This study was undertaken to evaluate MLNs in a wide range of specimens to clarify their incidence, distribution, relation to age and underlying disease, and histogenesis. Five hundred surgical lung biopsies, 25 extensively sampled lobectomies, 20 resections for pneumothoraces in persons younger than 30 years, and 92 pediatric autopsies were examined.

Comparison of pHH3, Ki-67, and survivin immunoreactivity in benign and malignant melanocytic lesions.

Differentiating malignant melanoma from benign melanocytic lesions can be challenging. We undertook this study to evaluate the use of the immunohistochemical mitosis marker phospho-Histone H3 (pHH3) and the proliferation markers Ki-67 and survivin in separating malignant melanoma from benign nevi. Sixty-six melanocytic lesions (18 malignant melanomas, 8 Spitz nevi, 20 dysplastic nevi, and 20 compound nevi) were stained with antibodies to pHH3, Ki-67, and survivin.

Enteric cyst with epicardial attachment to the left ventricle.

Enteric cysts result from an anomaly of embryonic foregut development. In adults, these are frequently asymptomatic. The following is a case of an enteric cyst identified during routine coronary artery bypass attached directly to the epicardium of the left ventricle, a finding not previously reported.

Histologic predictors of pouchitis in patients with chronic ulcerative colitis.

Inflammation of ileal reservoir mucosa ("pouchitis") is a common sequelae in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients who have had a colectomy with ileal pouch anal-anastomosis (IPAA). Although several clinical, genetic, and laboratory parameters have been evaluated, reliable pathologic predictors for the development of pouchitis are lacking. The purpose of this case-control study was to determine whether there are any pathologic features in UC colectomy specimens that may help predict the subsequent development of pouchitis after an IPAA procedure.