Therapeutic potential of camel milk exosomes against HepaRG cells with potent apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenesis effects for colostrum exosomes.

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the therapeutic effect of camel milk exosomes derived from colostrum, early, mid, and late lactation periods on liver cancer HepaRG cells. These exosomes showed cytotoxicity on HepaRG while being safer on normal human liver THLE-2 cells. Among the four different isolated exosome groups, exosomes isolated from colostrum exhibited the highest apoptotic potential on HepaRG as indicated by highest DNA damage and upregulated expression of Bax and caspase3 expression, but with lowest Bcl2 expression.