A drug utilization and drug interaction study in renal transplant patients: Implications for an urgent need for drug deprescribing.

Background: Renal transplant patients receive several drugs concomitantly.

Objective: Limited literature exists evaluating the drug use in this population that is at high risk for drug-induced acute kidney injury and complications due to under-or over-dosage of immunosuppressant drugs due to drug-drug interactions.

Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out in 269 renal transplant patients in whom either oral or parenteral drugs were evaluated.

Evaluation of Genetic Polymorphisms of the Antioxidant Enzymes and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Preterm Neonates With Respiratory Distress Syndrome Receiving External Surfactant.

Background: Preterm neonates, particularly extremely preterm, are susceptible to respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) due to surfactant deficiency. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the antioxidant enzymes influence the balance between antioxidant and oxidative stress molecules.

Objectives: To ascertain the role of SNPs of antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress biomarkers in preterm neonates with RDS.

Evaluation of Pharmacogenetics of Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes and Drug Efflux Transporter in Renal Transplants Receiving Immunosuppressants.

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, such as and , P450 oxidoreductase (POR), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPAR-alpha), and drug transporter (ABCB1) were observed to influence concentrations of immunosuppressants (cyclosporine, everolimus, sirolimus, and tacrolimus) and outcomes in renal transplants. We carried out the present study to evaluate the prevalence and impact of these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in adult renal transplants. SNPs were evaluated using commercial TaqMan assays.

Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Adult Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Kingdom of Bahrain.

Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) has been implicated as an important factor in the development or aggravation of systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). Patients with SLE are especially prone to the development of VDD due to the nature of their illness and avoidance of sun exposure. The prevalence of VD status in Bahraini patients with SLE has not been studied.