Krox20 expression in abnormal scars: An immunohistochemical study.

Background: Scars are the end outcome of healing. They are grouped into several types, the common of which are keloids, hypertrophic, and atrophic scars. The role of Krox20 in skin and hair physiology and pathology had emerged.

Serum nuclear factor E-2-related factor 2 in female pattern hair loss.

Background: Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is a common dermatological complaint with multifactorial etiology. Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor that has a major role in protection from ROS-induced apoptosis.

Aim: To investigate the relationship between Nrf2 and systemic oxidative stress in FPHL patients.

Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms Taq-1 and Cdx-1 in Female Pattern Hair Loss.

Background: Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is an important cause of hair loss in adult women and has a major impact on patient's quality of life. It evolves from the progressive miniaturization of follicles that leads to a subsequent decrease of hair density, leading to non-scarring diffuse alopecia, with characteristic clinical, dermoscopic, and histological patterns. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in follicular keratinocytes and dermal papilla cells and is shown to have important role in hair growth and regulation of hair cycle.

Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism In Chronic Telogen Effluvium; A Case-Control Study.

Background: Telogen effluvium (TE) is a form of alopecia characterized by diffuse hair shedding. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) plays a role in hair cycle regulation as it is expressed in follicular keratinocytes and dermal papilla cells.

Purpose: To investigate the association between Cdx1 and Taq1 VDR gene polymorphisms and chronic TE.

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Gene Polymorphism in Psoriasis and Its Relation to Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Narrowband Ultraviolet B Response: A Case-Control Study in Egyptian Patients.

Background: Psoriasis is a common dermatologic disease with multifactorial etiology in which genetic factors play a major role. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ is expressed in keratinocytes and is known to affect cell maturation and differentiation in addition to its role in inflammation.

Aim: To study the association between PPAR-γ gene polymorphism and psoriasis vulgaris in Egyptian patients to explore if this polymorphism influenced disease risk or clinical presentation.

Re-appraisal of Keratinocytes' Role in Vitiligo Pathogenesis.

Background: Vitiligo is a common pigmentary disorder. Studies on its pathogenesis extensively investigated melanocytes' abnormalities and few studies searched for keratinocytes' role in disease development. Liver X receptor-α (LXR-α) is a member of nuclear hormone receptors that acts as a transcription factor.

Polymorphism of FAS and FAS Ligand Genes in Alopecia Areata: A Case-control Study in Egyptian Population.

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is a common dermatologic disease with suspected autoimmune etiology. Tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 6 or CD95 (FAS) and FAS ligand (FASL) are proapoptotic proteins. The relationship between apoptosis and autoimmunity is well recognized.

Morphometric and ultrastructural analysis of tramadol effects on epididymis: an experimental study.

The effect of tramadol addiction on epididymal structure was not investigated before. Therefore, this experimental study was carried out to investigate the effect of chronic tramadol use on the epididymal structure using light and electron microscopies. Thirty adult Wister Albino male rats were divided into two groups: control group (five rats) and tramadol-treated group (25 rats), which was further subdivided into five subgroups that received tramadol orally at 4.

Immunohistochemical Expression of Cyclo-oxygenase 2 and Liver X Receptor-α in Acne Vulgaris.

Introduction: Acne Vulgaris (AV) is a common inflammatory disease of pilosebaceous units. Liver X Receptor-α (LXR-α) is a ligand activated transcription factor. It controls transcription of genes involved in lipid and fatty acid synthesis.

Identification of Genotypes and Allelic Frequencies of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism (TaqI) in Egyptian Melasma Patients.

Background: Melasma is a characteristic pattern of facial hyperpigmentation, occurring primarily on the forehead, cheeks, and chin, in a mask-like distribution. The pathogenesis of melasma is not fully understood. Vitamin D plays a role in skin pigmentation.

Evaluation of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α and Glucose Transporter-1 Expression in Non Melanoma Skin Cancer: An Immunohistochemical Study.

Introduction: Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1) is a mediator enabling cell adaptation to hypoxia. It plays its role mainly through transcription of many target genes including Glucose Transporter-1 (GLUT-1) gene.

Aim: The present work aimed at evaluating the pattern and distribution of HIF-1α and GLUT-1 in each case and control.

Aquaporin 3 and E-Cadherin Expression in Perilesional Vitiligo Skin.

Introduction: Vitiligo is a common dermatologic disorder with debated aetiology. Most studies focused on role of melanocytes and few investigated the role of keratinocytes in pathogenesis of the disease.

Aim: To investigate the keratinocyte adhesion in perilesional vitiligo skin through the immunolocalization of Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) and E-cadherin.

Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Role of Serotonin in Pathogenesis of Psoriasis.

Introduction: Psoriasis is a common skin disorder characterized by erythaematosquamous papules and plaques. It is known to be associated with stressful and depressive disorders. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin disorders.

Serum Vitamin D in patients with alopecia areata.

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is a common, recurrent, autoimmune hair disorder. It has been found that vitamin D deficiency is associated with many autoimmune diseases.

Aims: The current study aimed to estimate serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D in patients with AA.

Intrinsic versus Extrinsic Aging: A Histopathological, Morphometric and Immunohistochemical Study of Estrogen Receptor β and Androgen Receptor.

Skin is a target organ of sex steroids which play important roles in skin health and disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) and androgen receptor (AR) in human skin from different age groups for a better understanding of the hormonal regulation of skin aging. Using standard immunohistochemical techniques, biopsies of sun-unprotected and sun-protected skin were taken from 60 normal subjects.

Urinary Biopyrrins: A New Marker of Oxidative Stress in Psoriasis.

Background: Psoriasis is a common chronic, relapsing, immune-mediated disease involving skin and joints of genetically predisposed individuals. Oxidative stress has been found to play many important roles in cellular damage and loss of function in a number of tissues and organs and is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. Urinary biopyrrin levels have gained attention as an indicator of oxidative stress.

Serum Vitamin D and Facial Aging: Is There a Link?

Background: The vitamin D endocrine system, besides multiple other functions, regulates aging in many tissues, including the skin. It protects the skin against the hazardous effects of many skin age-inducing agents, including ultraviolet radiation. Thus, in the present study we aimed to investigate the relationship between facial skin aging and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] serum levels in healthy Egyptian adults.

Is Aquaporin-3 a Determinant Factor of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Aging? An Immunohistochemical and Morphometric Study.

Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) is an aquaglyceroporin that plays a role in skin hydration, cell proliferation, and migration. The aim of this work was to investigate the expression of AQP3 in sun-exposed and sun-protected human skin from different age groups to understand the relationship between AQP3 and skin aging. Using standard immunohistochemical techniques, sun-exposed and sun-protected skin biopsies were taken from 60 normal individuals.

Evaluation of the Role of Granzyme B in Exuberant Scar Pathogenesis: An Immunohistochemical Study.

Objective: To evaluate the possible role of Granzyme B (GzmB) in abnormal wound healing through its immunohistochemical expression in keloid and hypertrophic scars and to study the relationship of its expression with the clinicopathologic parameters of studied cases.

Study Design: Using immunohistochemical techniques, GzmB was analyzed in skin biopsies of 44 patients (30 cases with abnormal scars [21 with keloid and 9 with hypertrophic scars] and 14 age- and gender-matched cases with surgical scars as a control group).

Results: GzmB was expressed in keratinocytes in 28.

Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia Associated with Symmetric Subcutaneous Lipomatosis.

Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia is an autosomal dominant disorder of lipid metabolism, characterized by reduced clearance of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and a high risk of rapid development of cardiovascular diseases. Its incidence is relatively rare and estimated to be one in one million in general populations. Here, we report homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia in two Egyptian young siblings, presented with cutaneous, tendinous xanthomas, and corneal arcus.